Evidence mapPaperPMID 8325978Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1993

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles.

G M Reaven, Y D Chen, J Jeppesen, P Maheux, R M Krauss

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01384058 (The Effect of Ezetimibe 10 mg, Simvastatin 20 mg and the Combination of Simvastatin 20 mg Plus 10 mg Ezetimibe on Low Density Lipoprotein), which is not on this map. Cited by 85 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
20.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01384058 phase4completedstarted 2007, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Ezetimibe 10 mg, Simvastatin 20 mg and the Combination of Simvastatin 20 mg Plus 10 mg Ezetimibe on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Subfractions in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2007Enrolled41Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus Type 2, HypercholesterolemiaArmsEzetimibe, Ezetimibe 10/Simvastatin 20, simvastatin
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 701 citations in OpenAlex.

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25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

G M ReavenDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
Y D Chen
J Jeppesen
P Maheux
R M Krauss
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center · USLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · USStanford University · USUniversité Ouaga II · BF

Funding

XOLAIR IN SUBJECTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE ATOPIC DERMATITIS WITH FOOD ALLERGYM01RR000070 · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · 1985 to 2005
$23.2M
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LIPOPROTEINS SUBCLASSESP01HL018574 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · 1985 to 2001
$3.7M
NCRR NIH HHS RR 00070NHLBI NIH HHS HL 08506NHLBI NIH HHS HL 18574
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Subjects characterized by a predominance of small LDL particles (pattern B) have changes in plasma triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol concentrations consistent with the presence of resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake. To pursue this issue, plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and lipoprotein concentrations were measured in subjects categorized on the basis of LDL peak diameter measured by gradient gel electrophoresis. Subjects with pattern B had higher (P < 0.05-0.001) total integrated plasma glucose (20.7 +/- 1.0 mmol/liter.h) and insulin (1,743 +/- 293 pmol/liter.h) responses to oral glucose compared with glucose (16.3 +/- 0.4 and 19.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/liter.h) and insulin (856 +/- 60 and 1,222 +/- 168 pmol/liter.h) responses in those with either pattern A or an intermediate pattern. Pattern B individuals were shown to be more insulin resistant on the basis of higher steady state plasma glucose concentrations (SSPG, 10.4 +/- 1.0, P < 0.002, vs. 7.5 +/- 0.7 and 6.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/liter) after a constant infusion of somatostatin, glucose, and insulin than those with either the intermediate or pattern A subclass. Pattern B subjects also had higher concentrations of (P < 0.001) TG (1.98 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.33 +/- 0.17 and 0.77 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter) and lower (P < 0.01-0.001) HDL cholesterol (1.12 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.34 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter) than those with either the intermediate or pattern A. Finally, significant (P < 0.001) correlation coefficients existed between LDL diameter and SSPG (r = -0.44); glucose (r = -0.41) and insulin (r = -0.38) responses; TG (r = -0.65) and HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.42) concentrations; and systolic (r = -0.34) and diastolic (r = -0.34) blood pressure. Thus, pattern B subjects are insulin resistant, have higher glucose, insulin, and TG, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, and higher blood pressure than those with pattern A or intermediate.

Indexed as

Insulin ResistanceAdultBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansLipidsLipoproteins, LDLMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseLipidsLipoproteins, LDL

Identifiers

PMID8325978
PMCPMC293550
OpenAlexW2093894290

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.