Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8521756›Full record

ReviewDrugs1995

Gender effects in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

R Z Harris, L Z Benet, J B Schwartz

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Drugs, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
102citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
20.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 502 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Sex and age differences in the pharmacokinetics of alosetron.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2002
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42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

R Z HarrisDepartment of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
L Z Benet
J B Schwartz
University of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

TOPICS IN PHARMACOKINETIC/PHARMACODYNAMIC MODELING AND DATA ANALYSISP50GM026691 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI BENET, LESLIE Z · 1985 to 1996
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EFFECT OF AGING ON CALCIUM BLOCKER KINETICS/DYNAMICSR01AG005940 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI SCHWARTZ, JANICE B · 1986 to 1993
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REGULATION OF CARDIAC RHYTHM &CONDUCTION WITH AGINGR01AG009550 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI SCHWARTZ, JANICE B · 1991 to 1995
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NIA NIH HHS AG 5940NIA NIH HHS AG 9550NIGMS NIH HHS GM 26691
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are a number of examples of sex differences in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Recent advances in the characterisation of specific isozymes involved in drug metabolism now allow for the preliminary identification of enzyme systems that are affected by sex. While current data are somewhat limited and not in complete agreement, the majority of studies show that apparent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity is higher in women than in men, whereas the activity of many other systems involved in drug metabolism may be higher in men than in women. Women and men also show different pharmacodynamic responses to a variety of drugs. While the clinical significance of these sex differences remains to be determined, we anticipate that they will be most important in the administration of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. In addition, sex differences in drug metabolism may be involved in the higher incidence of adverse reactions to drugs in women compared with men. Further research is needed to determine the scope and significance of these sex differences. Female-specific issues such as pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive use and menstruation may also have profound effects on drug metabolism. These effects can often be clinically important. Pregnancy may increase the elimination of antiepileptic agents, reducing their efficacy. Oral contraceptive use can interfere with the metabolism of many drugs and, conversely, certain drugs can impair contraceptive efficacy. More research is needed to determine the impact of menopause, hormone replacement and menstruation on drug therapy.

Indexed as

PharmacokineticsAbsorptionBody CompositionCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemFemaleHumansLiverMaleMenstrual CyclePregnancyProtein BindingSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme System

Identifiers

PMID8521756
OpenAlexW1989740023

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.