Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation1998
Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 398 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Liraglutide on Glucose Tolerance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
GIP/GLP-1 Co-Activity in Subjects With Obesity: Lowering of Food Intake
Open the trial in the graphVariability of Glucose Assessed in a Randomized Trial Comparing the Initiation of A Treatment Approach With Biosimilar Basal Insulin Analog Or a Titratable iGlarLixi combinatioN in Type 2 Diabetes Among South Asian Subjects (VARIATION 2 SA Trial)
Synergy Effect of the Appetite Hormone GLP-1 (LiragluTide) and Exercise on Maintenance of Weight Loss and Health After a Low Calorie Diet - the S-LiTE Randomized Trial
Young Adults With Early-onset Obesity Treated With Semaglutide -The RESETTLE Study
Who cites it
398 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,381 citations in OpenAlex.
- New Perspectives in Modulating the Entero-Insular Axis in Pediatric Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Differences in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings between individuals with and without obesity-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Optimal prandial timing of bolus insulin in diabetes management: a review.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2018Pooled it
- Acute GIP and GLP-1 Administration Exerts Differential Metabolic Effects in Totally Pancreatectomised Individuals.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Intravenous Oxytocin Has no Effect on Ad Libitum Food Intake or Postprandial Plasma Glucose Concentrations in Individuals With Obesity: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- LEAP2 Reduces Ad Libitum Food Intake and Attenuates Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Men With Obesity.Diabetes · 2026Trial
- Effect of high intakes of protein-only and carbohydrate-only on plasma metabolites and hormones, in addition to nitrogen excretion.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Gut-derived appetite hormones do not explain energy intake differences in humans following low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Effects of physical form ofThe British journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effect of vegetable consumption with chewing on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy young men: a randomised controlled study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Enhanced secretion of satiety-promoting gut hormones in healthy humans after consumption of white bread enriched with cellular chickpea flour: A randomized crossover study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Exploratory analysis of eating- and physical activity-related outcomes from a randomized controlled trial for weight loss maintenance with exercise and liraglutide single or combination treatment.Nature communications · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- LEAP2 reduces postprandial glucose excursions andCell reports. Medicine · 2022Trial
- Appetite Control across the Lifecourse: The Acute Impact of Breakfast Drink Quantity and Protein Content. The Full4Health Project.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Postprandial levels of GLP-1, GIP and glucagon after 2 years of weight loss with a Paleolithic diet: a randomised controlled trial in healthy obese women.European journal of endocrinology · 2019Trial
- Effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 infusion on energy intake, appetite and energy expenditure in overweight/obese individuals: a randomised, crossover study.Diabetologia · 2019Trial
- Impact on HbA1c and body weight of switching from other GLP-1 receptor agonists to semaglutide: A model-based approach.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019 · on this mapTrial
338 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We examined the effect of intravenously infused glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on subjective appetite sensations after an energy-fixed breakfast, and on spontaneous energy intake at an ad libitum lunch. 20 young, healthy, normal-weight men participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded, crossover study. Infusion (GLP-1, 50 pmol/ kg.h or saline) was started simultaneously with initiation of the test meals. Visual analogue scales were used to assess appetite sensations throughout the experiment and the palatability of the test meals. Blood was sampled throughout the day for analysis of plasma hormone and substrate levels. After the energy-fixed breakfast, GLP-1 infusion enhanced satiety and fullness compared with placebo (treatment effect: P < 0.03). Furthermore, spontaneous energy intake at the ad libitum lunch was reduced by 12% by GLP-1 infusion compared with saline (P = 0.002). Plasma GLP-1, insulin, glucagon, and blood glucose profiles were affected significantly by the treatment (P < 0.002). In conclusion, the results show that GLP-1 enhanced satiety and reduced energy intake and thus may play a physiological regulatory role in controlling appetite and energy intake in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.