Trial reportGut1999
Glucagon-like peptide-1: a potent regulator of food intake in humans.
Trial report in Gut, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 569 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fasting appetite-related gut hormone responses after weight loss induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or both in people with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of gastrointestinal delivery of non-caloric tastants on energy intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of high intakes of protein-only and carbohydrate-only on plasma metabolites and hormones, in addition to nitrogen excretion.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 on the Reproductive Axis in Healthy Men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Trial
- Trial
- GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 AFFECTS TASTE PERCEPTION DIFFERENTLY IN WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CROSSOVER STUDY.Acta clinica Croatica · 2019Trial
- A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of volixibat in overweight and obese but otherwise healthy adults: implications for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2018Trial
- Safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibition with volixibat in healthy adults and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.BMC gastroenterology · 2018Trial
- Serum bile acids and GLP-1 decrease following telemetric induced weight loss: results of a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Short-term administration of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide decreases circulating leptin and increases GIP levels and these changes are associated with alterations in CNS responses to food cues: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Initial evidence that GLP-1 receptor blockade fails to suppress postprandial satiety or promote food intake in humans.Appetite · 2014Trial
- Tolerability of nausea and vomiting and associations with weight loss in a randomized trial of liraglutide in obese, non-diabetic adults.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2014 · on this mapTrial
- Four weeks of treatment with liraglutide reduces insulin dose without loss of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function.Diabetes care · 2011Trial
- The effect of Korean pine nut oil (PinnoThin) on food intake, feeding behaviour and appetite: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Lipids in health and disease · 2008Trial
- Visceral response to acute retrograde gastric electrical stimulation in healthy human.World journal of gastroenterology · 2005Trial
- Trial
- Differential Gastric Motility, Gut Hormone, and Appetite Changes Following A Mixed Meal in People With Obesity and Healthy Controls.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Links Ingestion, Homeostasis, and the Heart.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsStudies in animals suggest a physiological role for glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) in regulating satiety. The role of GLP-1 in regulating food intake in man has, however, not been investigated. Subjects-Sixteen healthy male subjects were examined in a double blind placebo controlled fashion.
methodsThe effect of graded intravenous doses (0, 0.375, 0.75, and 1.5 pmol/kg/min) of synthetic human GLP-1 on food intake and feelings of hunger and satiety was tested in healthy volunteers.
resultsGraded GLP-1 infusions resulted in a dose dependent reduction in food intake (maximal inhibition 35%, p<0.001 v control) and a similar reduction in calorie intake (32%; p<0.001). Fluid ingestion was also reduced by GLP-1 (18% reduction, p<0.01). No overt side effects were produced by GLP-1, but subjects experienced less hunger and early fullness in the period before a meal during GLP-1 infusion at the highest dose (p<0.05).
conclusionsIntravenous infusions of GLP-1 decrease spontaneous food intake even at physiological plasma concentrations, implying an important role for GLP-1 in the regulation of the early satiety response in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.