SynthesisDiabetes care1999
The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years.
Synthesis in Diabetes care, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 433 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Pitavastatin Plus Ezetimibe Versus High-Intensity Statin Therapy on Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Prediabetic Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Bromelain and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes
Washed Microbiota Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Real World Research
Who cites it
433 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Coffee and tea consumption and cardiovascular disease and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Impaired glucose regulation, SARS-CoV-2 infections and adverse COVID-19 outcomes.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Predictors of the Acute Postprandial Response to Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2020Pooled it
- Evidence of heterogeneity in statin-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Changes Observed in Diabetes Prevention Programs in US Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Post-exercise hot water immersion enhances haemodynamic and vascular benefits of exercise without further improving cardiorespiratory fitness, glucose, lipids or inflammation.The Journal of physiology · 2025Trial
- Criteria for prediabetes and posttransplant diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: A 2-year diagnostic accuracy study of participants from a randomized controlled trial.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2022Trial
- Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study.Circulation · 2022Trial
- Whey protein consumption following fasted exercise reduces early postprandial glycaemia in centrally obese males: a randomised controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of Isomaltulose Compared to Sucrose in Modulating Endothelial Function in Overweight Adults.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Impact of energy turnover on the regulation of glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects.Nutrition & diabetes · 2019Trial
- Water Supplementation Reduces Copeptin and Plasma Glucose in Adults With High Copeptin: The H2O Metabolism Pilot Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Extremely short duration interval exercise improves 24-h glycaemia in men with type 2 diabetes.European journal of applied physiology · 2018Trial
- Administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents endothelial dysfunction caused by an oral glucose load.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Impact of Total Risk Management on Coronary Plaque Regression in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2016Trial
373 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the relationship between nondiabetic glucose levels and cardio vascular risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThree independent searches using MEDLINE (1966-1996), followed by a manual search of the references from each retrieved article, were conducted by two physicians and one medical librarian. Data had to be reported in at least three quantiles or intervals so that the nature of the relationship between glucose and cardiovascular events (i.e., linear or nonlinear) could be explored, and to ensure that any incremental cardiovascular risk was consistent across quantiles or intervals.
resultsAnalyzed studies comprised 95,783 people (94% male) who had 3,707 cardiovascular events over 12.4 years (1,193,231 person-years). Studies reporting fasting glucose levels (n = 6), 2-h glucose levels (n = 7), 1-h glucose levels (n = 5), and casual glucose levels (n = 4) were included. The glucose load used varied from 50 to 100 g. The highest glucose interval for most studies included glucose values in the diabetic range. The relationship between glucose levels and the risk of a cardiovascular event was modeled for each study and the beta-coefficients were combined. Compared with a glucose level of 4.2 mmol/l (75 mg/dl), a fasting and 2-h glucose level of 6.1 mmol/dl (110 mg/dl) and 7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) was associated with a relative cardiovascular event risk of 1.33 (95% CI 1.06-1.67) and 1.58 (95% CI 1.19-2.10), respectively.
conclusionsThe progressive relationship between glucose levels and cardiovascular risk extends below the diabetic threshold.
Indexed as
Identifiers
10333939What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.