Evidence map›Paper›PMID 10938048›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2000

Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study.

I M Stratton, A I Adler, H A Neil, D R Matthews, S E Manley, C A Cull, D Hadden, R C Turner, R R Holman

14 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 14 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,890 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,890citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
130.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02879409 naactive not recruitingstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Does Glycated Hemoglobin Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Differ Depending on the Diabetes Treatment Threshold Used in the Qatari Population: Implication on Diabetes Complication Risk?

Ran2016Enrolled150Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Armsdapagliflozin, Gliclazide, human insulin, liraglutide, Metformin
PMID 9742977PMID 19092145PMID 9886743PMID 9742976PMID 12020338PMID 14694008PMID 15189396PMID 15921524PMID 16004665PMID 16801566PMID 17490424PMID 18040661other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT01828242 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

The Empowerment Model Towards Type 2 Diabetic Adults To Enhance Vegetable Intake in Achieving Glycemic Control

TypeinterventionalSponsorSEAMEO Regional Centre for Food and NutritionRan2013 to 2014Enrolled84ConditionsGlycemic Control for Diabetes MellitusArmsEmpowerment model to improve dietary intake, Control group following conventional approach
NCT02384265 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2012, after this paper: background citation

Financial Incentives and SMS to Improve African American Womens' Glycemic Control: Friends & Relatives Improving the Effectiveness of Networks for Diabetes Support Through Text Messaging (FRIENDS Text)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, Los AngelesRan2012 to 2021Enrolled41ConditionsDiabetes MellitusArmsIM/SMS + Incentive Condition
NCT02874963 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Impact of Combined Non-surgical and Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Clinical Centre of KosovaRan2015 to 2016Enrolled160ConditionsPeriodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsSurgical Periodontal Treatment, Non Surgical Periodontal Treatment includes scaling root planing with UDS-J Ultrasonic Scaler., Non Surgical Periodontal Treatment includes post operative mouth wash with Listerine® (ethanol 21.6%, methyl salicylate 0.06%, menthol 0.042%, thymol 0.064% and eucalyptol 0.092%)
NCT03256747 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Glucose Levels and Glucose Variability in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorHospital de Clinicas de Porto AlegreRan2017 to 2020Enrolled28ConditionsType2 Diabetes MellitusArmsNMES, NMES-placebo
NCT03370237 completednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Reliability of a Diabetic Foot Ulcer Risk Stratification and Referral Algorithm

TypeobservationalSponsorLondon Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph'sRan2017 to 2017Enrolled51ConditionsFoot Ulcer, Diabetic
NCT04101669 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized, Multi-Center, Pivotal Efficacy and Safety Study Evaluating the RESET® System for Glycemic Improvement in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

TypeinterventionalSponsorMorphic Medical Inc.Ran2019 to 2026Enrolled264ConditionsDiabetes type2, ObesityArmsRESET Liner, Sham
NCT04177420 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Investigation for Health Efficacy of Infrared-C Radiation on Diabetes Patients in Senior's Activity Center

TypeinterventionalSponsorNanhua UniversityRan2018 to 2020Enrolled64ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsFIR-C mattress, FIR-C abdominal pad, fake FIR-C mattress, fake FIR-C abdominal pad
NCT04692415 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

The Differences Between Insulin Glargine U300 and Insulin Degludec U100 in Impact on the Glycaemic Variability, Oxidative Stress, Arterial Stiffness and the Lipid Profiles in Insulin naïve Patients Suffering From Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Split, School of MedicineRan2018 to 2019Enrolled25ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsDegludec, Glargine U300
NCT05286892 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Diabetes Learning in Virtual Environments Just In Time for Community reEntry (Diabetes LIVE JustICE)

TypeinterventionalSponsorLouise ReaganRan2023 to 2026Enrolled128ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsDiabetes LIVE JustICE, Enhanced Education
NCT05541120 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Remote Patient Monitoring and Patient Education on Patient Activation and Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorTracy Jalbuena MDRan2022 to 2026Enrolled0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsRemote Patient Monitoring
NCT06363747 phase2 / phase3active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The Medically Reproducing Bariatric Surgery (MRB) II Study: SEMAGLUTIDE Followed by OPTIFAST in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorDurham VA Medical CenterRan2024 to 2025Enrolled50ConditionsType 2 Diabetes, ObesityArmsVery Low Calorie Diet
NCT06444074 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The PACT (Patient Activation Through Conversations) Study - A Cluster Randomised Trial of a Health Coach-led Patient Activation Program in Type 2 Diabetes.

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Healthcare Group PolyclinicsRan2024 to 2028Enrolled432ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsPatient Activation through Conversations (PACT) Program, Usual Care
NCT07073768 phase3enrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Comparison Between Efficacy of Trelagliptin and Sitagliptin in Type II Diabetic Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorKhyber Medical College, PeshawarRan2025 to 2026Enrolled126ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus Type 2, Glycemic Control for Diabetes MellitusArmsTrelagliptin 100 mg, Sitagliptin 100mg OD
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2,890 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8,937 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026
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  4. Smartphone application-based interventions for cardiometabolic risk factor management: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
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2,830 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

I M StrattonDiabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE. irene.stratton@dtu.ox.ac.uk
A I Adler
H A Neil
D R Matthews
S E Manley
C A Cull
D Hadden
R C Turner
R R Holman
University of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the relation between exposure to glycaemia over time and the risk of macrovascular or microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

designProspective observational study.

setting23 hospital based clinics in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

participants4585 white, Asian Indian, and Afro-Caribbean UKPDS patients, whether randomised or not to treatment, were included in analyses of incidence; of these, 3642 were included in analyses of relative risk. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary predefined aggregate clinical outcomes: any end point or deaths related to diabetes and all cause mortality. Secondary aggregate outcomes: myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation (including death from peripheral vascular disease), and microvascular disease (predominantly retinal photo-coagulation). Single end points: non-fatal heart failure and cataract extraction. Risk reduction associated with a 1% reduction in updated mean HbA(1c) adjusted for possible confounders at diagnosis of diabetes.

resultsThe incidence of clinical complications was significantly associated with glycaemia. Each 1% reduction in updated mean HbA(1c) was associated with reductions in risk of 21% for any end point related to diabetes (95% confidence interval 17% to 24%, P<0.0001), 21% for deaths related to diabetes (15% to 27%, P<0.0001), 14% for myocardial infarction (8% to 21%, P<0.0001), and 37% for microvascular complications (33% to 41%, P<0.0001). No threshold of risk was observed for any end point.

conclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes the risk of diabetic complications was strongly associated with previous hyperglycaemia. Any reduction in HbA(1c) is likely to reduce the risk of complications, with the lowest risk being in those with HbA(1c) values in the normal range (<6.0%).

Indexed as

Cataract ExtractionConfidence IntervalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHeart FailureHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisMyocardial InfarctionProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRiskGlycated Hemoglobin

Identifiers

PMID10938048
PMCPMC27454
OpenAlexW2123946565

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 8 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.