Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2010
Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2010. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it finds no clear difference in 1. An erratum has been issued. It reports registered trial NCT00000620. Cited by 943 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Annual rates of death were 1.5% in the fenofibrate group and 1.6% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.10; P=0.33).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Other lipid agents×all-cause mortality
InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →2 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 0 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)
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FEnofibRate as a Metabolic INtervention for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Who cites it
943 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,825 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Cardiovascular, Lipid, and Safety Effects of Lipid-Modifying Therapies in Diabetes: An Agent-, Class-, and Dose-Level Network Meta-Analysis.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Guideline
- Efficacy and Safety of Orforglipron in Obese Adults With or Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Association between remnant cholesterol and chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Guideline
- Benefits and harms of fibrate therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2023 · on this mapPooled it
- Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Improvement of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis using hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2023 · on this mapPooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effects of Pemafibrate on Fibrinogen and Thrombogenicity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Trial
- Pharmacokinetic Comparison Between a Fixed-Dose Combination of Atorvastatin/Fenofibrate 20/145 mg and the Corresponding Individual Components.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2026Trial
- Association of fenofibrate therapy with cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetes patients with early-diagnosed hyperlipidemia.Lipids in health and disease · 2026 · on this mapTrial
- Development of a Novel Machine Learning Method for Estimation of Life-Long Chronic Disease Progression and Its Application to Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 145-mg fenofibrate formulations in healthy Korean participants.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of low-dose rosuvastatin/ezetimibe for dyslipidemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.Medicine · 2025Trial
- Effect of Fenofibrate on Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.NEJM evidence · 2024Trial
- Poor Glycemic Control Is Associated With More Rapid Kidney Function Decline After the Onset of Diabetic Kidney Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Icosapent ethyl therapy for very high triglyceride levels: a 12-week, multi-center, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded, phase III clinical trial in China.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Trial
- Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, cardiac metabolomic and lipidomic signatures, and cardioprotection in myocardial infarction.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and ASCVD: Evidence for Causality and Challenges in Therapeutic Translation.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
883 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundWe investigated whether combination therapy with a statin plus a fibrate, as compared with statin monotherapy, would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
methodsWe randomly assigned 5518 patients with type 2 diabetes who were being treated with open-label simvastatin to receive either masked fenofibrate or placebo. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes. The mean follow-up was 4.7 years.
resultsThe annual rate of the primary outcome was 2.2% in the fenofibrate group and 2.4% in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the fenofibrate group, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.08; P=0.32). There were also no significant differences between the two study groups with respect to any secondary outcome. Annual rates of death were 1.5% in the fenofibrate group and 1.6% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.10; P=0.33). Prespecified subgroup analyses suggested heterogeneity in treatment effect according to sex, with a benefit for men and possible harm for women (P=0.01 for interaction), and a possible interaction according to lipid subgroup, with a possible benefit for patients with both a high baseline triglyceride level and a low baseline level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.057 for interaction).
conclusionsThe combination of fenofibrate and simvastatin did not reduce the rate of fatal cardiovascular events, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke, as compared with simvastatin alone. These results do not support the routine use of combination therapy with fenofibrate and simvastatin to reduce cardiovascular risk in the majority of high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000620.)
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.