Trial reportEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

Colesevelam hydrochloride added to background metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pooled analysis from 3 clinical studies.

Harold E Bays

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map: it favours the comparator in 2. Cited by 4 papers.

2numbers the graph read from it
2cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
12.80 · no effect
Lipidsfavours the comparator · against placebo · dyslipidemia, t2dfeeds 2 cells of the map
Δ 3.30P<.0001
In comparison with placebo, colesevelam HCl significantly increased apo A-I (mean treatment difference: +3.3%; P<.0001), whereas the mean increase in HDL-C with colesevelam HCl was not significant.
Lipidsfavours the comparator · against placebo · dyslipidemia, t2dfeeds 2 cells of the map
Δ 12.8P<.0001
Median triglyceride levels were increased with colesevelam HCl (median treatment difference: +12.8%; P<.0001).

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Other glucose-lowering×lipids

ContradictsOpen on the map →What to test next →

3 readable studies in this cell: 0 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.00contested · 0 families support, 1 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.25This paper moves it by −0.25. It would be no deciding trial.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
This paper
Δ 3.30

Other lipid agents×lipids

ContradictsOpen on the map →What to test next →

28 readable studies in this cell: 17 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 9 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.50contested · 17 families support, 6 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.77This paper moves it by −0.27. It would be replicated.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
This paper
Δ 3.30
NCT004793881,216 enrolled · 2007
Δ -4.50-7.70 to -1.30
NCT00862251808 enrolled · 2009
Percent change in least-square means -14.8-19.6 to -9.91
NCT00485758796 enrolled · 2007
Δ -17.9-21.4 to -14.4
NCT00730132712 enrolled · 2008
Δ -5.75-9.43 to -2.07
NCT01763827615 enrolled · 2013
Δ -39.3-43.3 to -35.3
NCT01984424511 enrolled · 2013
Δ -37.8-42.3 to -33.3
NCT06005597407 enrolled · 2024
Least Squares (LS) Means -27.9-37.5 to -18.4
NCT03337308382 enrolled · 2017
Δ -38.0-46.5 to -29.6
NCT02227784366 enrolled · 2014
Δ -6.14-12.2 to -0.22
NCT01763905307 enrolled · 2013
Δ -38.1-43.7 to -33.0
NCT03001076269 enrolled · 2016
Δ -28.4-34.4 to -22.5
4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Bile acids and microbes in metabolic disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022
    Review
  2. Targeting the Enteroendocrine System for Treatment of Obesity.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Harold E BaysLouisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky 40213, USA. HBaysMD@aol.com
Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

objectiveTo evaluate the glucose- and lipid-altering efficacy of colesevelam hydrochloride (HCl) when added to background metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

methodsThis post hoc analysis included patients with T2DM from 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal studies who received metformin as part of their background antidiabetes therapy. In the pivotal studies, patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to receive colesevelam HCl (3.75 g/d) or placebo added to existing metformin (26 weeks), sulfonylurea (26 weeks), or insulin (16 weeks) monotherapy or combination therapy, wherein the combination therapies may have included metformin.

resultsIn this pooled analysis of 696 patients with T2DM who were receiving metformin monotherapy or metformin combined with other antidiabetes therapies, 355 were randomly assigned to receive colesevelam HCl and 341 to receive placebo. In comparison with placebo, colesevelam HCl significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (A1C) and fasting plasma glucose (mean treatment difference: -0.50% and -15.7 mg/dL, respectively; P<.001 for both), as well as significantly reduced levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; mean treatment difference: -16.5%), total cholesterol (TC; -5.8%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C; -8.2%), and apolipoprotein (apo) B (-7.6%) (P<.0001 for all). Median triglyceride levels were increased with colesevelam HCl (median treatment difference: +12.8%; P<.0001). In comparison with placebo, colesevelam HCl significantly increased apo A-I (mean treatment difference: +3.3%; P<.0001), whereas the mean increase in HDL-C with colesevelam HCl was not significant. Colesevelam HCl therapy was generally well tolerated.

conclusionWhen added to metformin-including therapy, colesevelam HCl significantly reduced A1C and fasting glucose, as well as levels of LDL-C, TC, non-HDL-C, and apo B in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM.

Indexed as

AgedAllylamineAnticholesteremic AgentsApolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteins BCholesterolCholesterol, LDLColesevelam HydrochlorideDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypercholesterolemiaHyperglycemiaAllylamineAnticholesteremic AgentsApolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteins BCholesterolCholesterol, LDLColesevelam HydrochlorideGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMetforminSulfonylurea Compounds

Identifiers

PMID21856592
OpenAlexW2016633536

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.