ArticleJAMA2012
Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events.
Article in JAMA, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 638 papers, 22 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Semaglutide 2.4mg for Low Responders After Bariatric Surgery
A Prospective Consortium Evaluating the Long-term Follow-up of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Enrolled In a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Bariatric Surgery Versus Medical Management
A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Duodenal Sleeve Bypass Device (EndoBarrier)Compared With Standard Medical Therapy for the Management of Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Investigation of Microbiome-based Prognostical Biomarkers in Patients With Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Circulating Inflammatory and Pro-vascular Progenitor Cell Populations.
Nutritional Stimulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis and Metabolic Rate After Bariatric Surgery
Who cites it
638 citing papers in PubMed, 22 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,608 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Guideline
- Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass versus Sleeve Gastrectomy for Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Obesity surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Guideline for the Management of Obesity in Adult Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Guideline
- Comparing Cardiovascular Outcomes of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Versus Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity surgery · 2026Pooled it
- External Validation of the MicroSimulation Core Obesity Model (MS-COM) to Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes, Mortality and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Assess Cost Effectiveness.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Pooled it
- Psychiatric and Cognitive Functioning After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term changes in lipid indices following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Pooled it
- Patients with Severe Obesity Undergoing Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and an Updated Meta-Analysis.Obesity surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Improvement in Pulmonary Hypertension Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: a Brief Review and Meta-analysis.Obesity surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of High-dose Liraglutide 3.0 mg in Patients with Poor Response to Bariatric Surgery: Real-world Experience and Updated Meta-analysis.Obesity surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Latin-American guidelines of recommendations at discharge from an acute coronary syndrome.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- Evidence of Bariatric Surgery Benefits Cardiac Function in Non-HFpEF Patients with Obesity: a Meta-Analysis.Obesity surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Prescription of Supplements in Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: An Updated Comprehensive Practical Guideline.Obesity surgery · 2023Guideline
- Gastric cancer after Bariatric Bypass Surgery. Do they relate? (A Systematic Review).Obesity surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Bariatric Surgery and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events: a Meta-analysis of 17 Studies Including 3,124,063 Subjects.Obesity surgery · 2022Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults 2021: A clinical practice guideline of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID) and the Italian Society of Obesity (SIO).Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Guideline
- Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2022Pooled it
- Intragastric Balloon as Bridging Therapy Prior to Bariatric Surgery for Patients with Severe Obesity (BMI ≥ 50 kg/mObesity surgery · 2022Pooled it
578 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Commented on by[Not Available].2012
Authors and funding
21 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextObesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Weight loss might protect against cardiovascular events, but solid evidence is lacking.
objectiveTo study the association between bariatric surgery, weight loss, and cardiovascular events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsThe Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is an ongoing, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study conducted at 25 public surgical departments and 480 primary health care centers in Sweden of 2010 obese participants who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls who received usual care. Patients were recruited between September 1, 1987, and January 31, 2001. Date of analysis was December 31, 2009, with median follow-up of 14.7 years (range, 0-20 years). Inclusion criteria were age 37 to 60 years and a body mass index of at least 34 in men and at least 38 in women. Exclusion criteria were identical in surgery and control patients. Surgery patients underwent gastric bypass (13.2%), banding (18.7%), or vertical banded gastroplasty (68.1%), and controls received usual care in the Swedish primary health care system. Physical and biochemical examinations and database cross-checks were undertaken at preplanned intervals.
main outcome measuresThe primary end point of the SOS study (total mortality) was published in 2007. Myocardial infarction and stroke were predefined secondary end points, considered separately and combined.
resultsBariatric surgery was associated with a reduced number of cardiovascular deaths (28 events among 2010 patients in the surgery group vs 49 events among 2037 patients in the control group; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.76; P = .002). The number of total first time (fatal or nonfatal) cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction or stroke, whichever came first) was lower in the surgery group (199 events among 2010 patients) than in the control group (234 events among 2037 patients; adjusted HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54-0.83; P < .001).
conclusionCompared with usual care, bariatric surgery was associated with reduced number of cardiovascular deaths and lower incidence of cardiovascular events in obese adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.