Trial reportEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Efficacy and safety of adding pioglitazone or sitagliptin to patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with metformin and a sulfonylurea.
Trial report in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. The graph read 3 numbers from its abstract, feeding 3 cells of the map: it . Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were -35.7 ± 4.0 mg/dL with pioglitazone and -22.8 ± 4.0 mg/dL with sitagliptin, for a between-groups difference of -12.9 ± 5.7 mg/dL (P = .02).
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
RESULTS: The mean changes in HbA1c from baseline was -0.94 ± 0.12% with pioglitazone and -0.71 ± 0.12% with sitagliptin, for a between-groups difference of -0.23 ± 0.16% (P = .16).
The mean weight gain was higher in the pioglitazone group, with a between-group difference of 1.6 kg (P<.01).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
DPP-4 inhibitors×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 59 favour the treatment, 19 find no difference, 24 favour the comparator.
Thiazolidinediones×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →16 readable studies in this cell: 9 favour the treatment, 4 find no difference, 3 favour the comparator.
Thiazolidinediones×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →2 readable studies in this cell: 0 favour the treatment, 0 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors on C-reactive protein in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2019Pooled it
- Sitagliptin vs. pioglitazone as add-on treatments in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on the maximal dose of metformin plus sulfonylurea.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2019Trial
- Factors Affecting the Treatment Heterogeneity of PPARγ and Pan-PPAR Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Machine Learning-Based Meta-Regression Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination Versus Uptitrated Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Adequate Glycemic Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- Comparison Between Pioglitazone/Metformin Combination Therapy and Sitagliptin/Metformin Combination Therapy on the Efficacy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Adults Insufficiently Controlled with Metformin: Study Protocol of an Open-Label, Multicenter, Non-Inferiority Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A "promised land" in the COVID-19 era?Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2020Review
- Evaluation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors versus Thiazolidinediones or Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled with Metformin and a Sulfonylurea in a Real-World Setting.The Permanente journal · 2020Article
- Differential Effects of Thiazolidinediones and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors on Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019Article
- Comparative Study on Adding Pioglitazone or Sitagliptin to Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Insufficiently Controlled With Metformin.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2017Article
- Cost of Glycemic Target Achievement with Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the UK.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2017Article
- Effects of pioglitazone therapy on blood parameters, weight and BMI: a meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2017Review
- Practical combination therapy based on pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2016Review
- Effect of pioglitazone therapy on high sensitive C-reactive protein and lipid profile in diabetic patients with renal transplantation; a randomize clinical trial.Journal of nephropathology · 2015Article
- Article
- Comparative analysis of therapeutic efficiency and costs (experience in Bulgaria) of oral antidiabetic therapies based on glitazones and gliptins.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2015 · on this mapArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
objectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of add-on pioglitazone versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin and a sulfonylurea (SU).
methodsThis 24-week, randomized, open-label study compared pioglitazone (30 mg daily, n = 59) and sitagliptin (100 mg daily, n = 60) in patients with inadequate glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥7.0% to <11.0%) while receiving a stable dose of metformin (≥1,500 mg daily) and an SU (≥half-maximal dose).
resultsThe mean changes in HbA1c from baseline was -0.94 ± 0.12% with pioglitazone and -0.71 ± 0.12% with sitagliptin, for a between-groups difference of -0.23 ± 0.16% (P = .16). The mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were -35.7 ± 4.0 mg/dL with pioglitazone and -22.8 ± 4.0 mg/dL with sitagliptin, for a between-groups difference of -12.9 ± 5.7 mg/dL (P = .02). Pioglitazone was associated with a significant decrease in high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), but sitagliptin did not. The mean weight gain was higher in the pioglitazone group, with a between-group difference of 1.6 kg (P<.01). Overall adverse events (AEs) were similar in both groups. However, the incidence of edema was higher with pioglitazone, and the incidence of gastrointestinal AEs was higher with sitagliptin.
conclusionPioglitazone and sitagliptin achieved similar improvements in overall glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and an SU. However there were some differences in terms of FPG, hs-CRP, lipids, body-weight change, and AEs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.