Evidence mapPaperPMID 24026560Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2013

Linagliptin lowers albuminuria on top of recommended standard treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal dysfunction.

Per-Henrik Groop, Mark E Cooper, Vlado Perkovic, Angela Emser, Hans-Juergen Woerle, Maximilian von Eynatten

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIIRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02462369 (The Effects of Saxagliptin 5mg, Once Daily for 52 Weeks on 24 Hour Urine Albumin Creatinine Rate), which is not on this map. Cited by 114 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
21.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02462369 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

The Effects of Saxagliptin 5mg, Once Daily for 52 Weeks on 24 Hour Urine Albumin Creatinine Rate(ACR) , in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycaemic Control on Metformin or/and Acarbose

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityRan2015 to 2017Enrolled88ConditionsMicroalbuminuria, Microalbuminuria /Creatinine Ratios ACRArmsSaxagliptin, glimepiride
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 295 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Combining SGLT2is, GLP1-RAs and nsMRAs in Diabetes: A Scoping Review of Current and Future Perspectives.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Role of obesity in chronic kidney disease progression.Current research in physiology · 2025
    Review
  18. Incretin-based therapy: a new horizon in diabetes management.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Per-Henrik GroopCorresponding author: Per-Henrik Groop, per-henrik.groop@helsinki.fi.
Mark E Cooper
Vlado Perkovic
Angela Emser
Hans-Juergen Woerle
Maximilian von Eynatten
Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany) · DEBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute · AUFolkhälsans Forskningscentrum · FIThe George Institute for Global Health · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePreclinical data suggest that linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, may lower urinary albumin excretion. The ability of linagliptin to lower albuminuria on top of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition in humans was analyzed by pooling data from four similarly designed, 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trials. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsA pooled analysis of four completed studies identified 217 subjects with type 2 diabetes and prevalent albuminuria (defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] of 30-3,000 mg/g creatinine) while receiving stable doses of RAAS inhibitors. Participants were randomized to either linagliptin 5 mg/day (n = 162) or placebo (n= 55). The primary end point was the percentage change in geometric mean UACR from baseline to week 24.

resultsUACR at week 24 was reduced by 32% (95% CI -42 to -21; P < 0.05) with linagliptin compared with 6% (95% CI -27 to +23) with placebo, with a between-group difference of 28% (95% CI -47 to -2; P = 0.0357). The between-group difference in the change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 was -0.61% (-6.7 mmol/mol) in favor of linagliptin (95% CI -0.88 to -0.34% [-9.6 to -3.7 mmol/mol]; P < 0.0001). The albuminuria-lowering effect of linagliptin, however, was not influenced by race or HbA1c and systolic blood pressure (SBP) values at baseline or after treatment.

conclusionsLinagliptin administered in addition to stable RAAS inhibitors led to a significant reduction in albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal dysfunction. This observation was independent of changes in glucose level or SBP. Further research to prospectively investigate the renal effects of linagliptin is underway.

Indexed as

AgedAlbuminuriaBlood PressureDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansLinagliptinMaleMiddle AgedPurinesQuinazolinesRenin-Angiotensin SystemTreatment OutcomeDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsGlycated HemoglobinLinagliptinPurinesQuinazolines

Identifiers

PMID24026560
PMCPMC3816860
OpenAlexW2126870113

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.