SynthesisPloS one2014
Comparison of GLP-1 analogues versus sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation and comparison of efficacy and safety of mitochondrial modulator (Imeglimin) and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of liraglutide on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of liraglutide randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- A Systematic Review of Methods for Handling Missing Variance Data in Meta-Analyses of Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Clinical review: Drugs commonly associated with weight change: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Using the Precision Lasso for gene selection in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cancer.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- The many faces of diabetes. Is there a need for re-classification? A narrative review.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Review
- Synthesis, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of Corrinated Conjugates of the GLP-1R Agonist Exendin-4.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Have dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors ameliorated the vascular complications of type 2 diabetes in large-scale trials? The potential confounding effect of stem-cell chemokines.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Review
- Chitosan oligosaccharide improves the therapeutic efficacy of sitagliptin for the therapy of Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2017Article
- Increasing GLP-1 Circulating Levels by Bariatric Surgery or by GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Therapy: Why Are the Clinical Consequences so Different?Journal of diabetes research · 2016Review
- Exenatide once-weekly injection for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients: current perspectives.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2015Review
- DPP4 in Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Clinical utility and patient considerations in the use of the sitagliptin-metformin combination in Chinese patients.Patient preference and adherence · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of existing head to head studies to compare the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analogues with DPP-4 inhibitors.
methodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head studies to compare GLP-1 analogues with DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes. A random effects model was selected to perform the meta-analyses, results were expressed as weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes and relative risks for dichotomous outcomes, both with 95% confidence intervals, and with I2 values and P values as markers of heterogeneity.
resultsFour head-to-head randomized controlled studies with 1755 patients were included. Compared to sitagliptin, GLP-1 analogues are more effective in reducing HbA1C (weight mean difference -0.41%, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.31) and body weight (weight mean difference -1.55 kg, 95% CI -1.98 to -1.12). Conversely, GLP-1 analogues are associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events compared to sitagliptin: nausea (relative risk 3.14, 95% CI 2.15 to 4.59), vomiting (relative risk 2.60, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.56), diarrhea (relative risk 1.82, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.69), and constipation (relative risk 2.50, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.70).
conclusionsThe result of this meta-analysis demonstrates that compared to sitagliptin, GLP-1 analogues are more effective for glycemic control and weight loss, but have similar efficacy in reducing blood pressure and lipid parameters, however, GLP-1 analogues are associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events and a similar incidence of hypoglycemia compared to sitagliptin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.