Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25706240›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2015

The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.

V R Aroda, C A Christophi, S L Edelstein, P Zhang, W H Herman, E Barrett-Connor, L M Delahanty, M G Montez, R T Ackermann, X Zhuo and 3 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05280496 (Implementation of a Pragmatic Approach to Lower Diabetes Mellitus Risk After a Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 211 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
211citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
34.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05280496 phase3completedstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Implementation of a Pragmatic Approach to Lower Diabetes Mellitus Risk After a Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Ran2022Enrolled20Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Gestational, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, PrediabetesArmsMetformin
PMID 25894024PMID 34495405PMID 18826999PMID 27120481PMID 27735930PMID 28910846PMID 30060291PMID 20670225PMID 32470456PMID 23666593other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

211 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 460 citations in OpenAlex.

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151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

V R ArodaMedStar Health Research Institute (V.R.A., R.E.R.), Hyattsville, Maryland 20782; George Washington University Biostatistics Center (C.A.C., S.L.E.), Rockville, Maryland 20852; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (P.Z., X.Z.), Atlanta, Georgia 30333; University of Michigan (W.H.H.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; University of California, San Diego (E.B.-C.), La Jolla, California 92093; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School (L.M.D.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (M.G.M.), San Antonio, Texas 78229; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.T.A.), Chicago, Illinois 60611; and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (W.C.K.), Phoenix, Arizona 85014.
C A Christophi
S L Edelstein
P Zhang
W H Herman
E Barrett-Connor
L M Delahanty
M G Montez
R T Ackermann
X Zhuo
W C Knowler
R E Ratner
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
George Washington University · USMedStar Union Memorial Hospital · USHarvard University Press · USNational Institutes of Health · USNorthwestern University · USThe University of Texas at Austin · USUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

PRIMARY PREVENTION TRIAL--DATA COORDINATING CENTERU01DK048489 · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 1994 to 2005
$23.7M
Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 1986 to 2025
$12.6M
Primary and Tertiary Prevention of type 2 diabetesZIADK075078 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · 2025 to 2025
$466k
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025758NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK048489NIDDK NIH HHS U01-DK048489
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextGestational diabetes (GDM) confers a high risk of type 2 diabetes. In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), intensive lifestyle (ILS) and metformin prevented or delayed diabetes in women with a history of GDM.

objectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of ILS and metformin intervention over 10 years in women with and without a history of GDM in the DPP/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.

designThis was a randomized controlled clinical trial with an observational follow-up.

settingThe study was conducted at 27 clinical centers.

participantsThree hundred fifty women with a history of GDM and 1416 women with previous live births but no history of GDM participated in the study. The participants had an elevated body mass index and fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance at study entry.

interventionsInterventions included placebo, ILS, or metformin. OUTCOMES MEASURE: Outcomes measure was diabetes mellitus.

resultsOver 10 years, women with a history of GDM assigned to placebo had a 48% higher risk of developing diabetes compared with women without a history of GDM. In women with a history of GDM, ILS and metformin reduced progression to diabetes compared with placebo by 35% and 40%, respectively. Among women without a history of GDM, ILS reduced the progression to diabetes by 30%, and metformin did not reduce the progression to diabetes.

conclusionsWomen with a history of GDM are at an increased risk of developing diabetes. In women with a history of GDM in the DPP/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, both lifestyle and metformin were highly effective in reducing progression to diabetes during a 10-year follow-up period. Among women without a history of GDM, lifestyle but not metformin reduced progression to diabetes.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsLife StyleMetforminRisk Reduction BehaviorAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedPregnancyTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeHypoglycemic AgentsMetformin

Identifiers

PMID25706240
PMCPMC4399293
OpenAlexW2135320406

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.