Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26256299›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2015

Influence of metformin intake on the risk of bladder cancer in type 2 diabetes patients.

Maria E Goossens, Frank Buntinx, Maurice P Zeegers, J H M Driessen, Marie L De Bruin, Frank De Vries

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Review
  11. Potential role for metformin in urologic oncology.Investigative and clinical urology · 2016
    Review
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Maria E GoossensDepartment of General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Frank BuntinxDepartment of General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Maurice P ZeegersNUTRIM School of Nutrition, Metabolism and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht.
J H M DriessenUtrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
Marie L De BruinUtrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
Frank De VriesUtrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht.
KU Leuven · BEMaastricht University · NLMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit · GBUtrecht University · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe aim of this study was to look at the influence of metformin intake and duration, on urinary bladder cancer (UBC) risk, with sulfonylurea (SU) only users as control using a new user design (inception cohort).

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) including all patients with at least one prescription of oral anti-diabetic drugs (ADD) and/or insulin. The risk of UBC in different groups of ADD users (metformin alone (one), metformin in combination (two) with other ADD medication (glinides, glitazones, DPP-4-inhibitors, SUs, insulin or more than one combination), all metformin users (1 + 2) was compared with SU only users using Cox proportional hazards models. The estimates were adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, BMI and diabetes duration.

resultsThe inception cohort included 165,398 participants of whom 132,960 were metformin users and 32,438 were SU only users. During a mean follow-up time of more than 5 years 693 patients developed UBC, 124 of the control group and 461 of the all metformin users. There was no association between metformin use and UBC risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.90, 1.40) compared with SU only users, even after adjustment for diabetes duration (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.90, 1.40). We found a pattern of decreasing risk of UBC with increasing duration of metformin intake, which was statistically not significant.

conclusionMetformin has no influence on the risk of UBC compared with SU in type 2 diabetes patients using a new user design.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMetforminMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRiskUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminbladder cancermetformintype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID26256299
PMCPMC4693487
OpenAlexW2146689640

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.