Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26489970›Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2016

Incretin therapies: highlighting common features and differences in the modes of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

M Nauck

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 181 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
181citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
32.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

181 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 421 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Comparative effectiveness of semaglutideFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
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121 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

M NauckDivision of Diabetology, Medical Department I, St. Josef Hospital (Ruhr University Bochum), Bochum, Germany.
St. Josef-Hospital · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the last few years, incretin-based therapies have emerged as important agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). These agents exert their effect via the incretin system, specifically targeting the receptor for the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is partly responsible for augmenting glucose-dependent insulin secretion in response to nutrient intake (the 'incretin effect'). In patients with T2D, pharmacological doses/concentrations of GLP-1 can compensate for the inability of diabetic β cells to respond to the main incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and this is therefore a suitable parent compound for incretin-based glucose-lowering medications. Two classes of incretin-based therapies are available: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. GLP-1RAs promote GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signalling by providing GLP-1R stimulation through 'incretin mimetics' circulating at pharmacological concentrations, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors prevent the degradation of endogenously released GLP-1. Both agents produce reductions in plasma glucose and, as a result of their glucose-dependent mode of action, this is associated with low rates of hypoglycaemia; however, there are distinct modes of action resulting in differing efficacy and tolerability profiles. Furthermore, as their actions are not restricted to stimulating insulin secretion, these agents have also been associated with additional non-glycaemic benefits such as weight loss, improvements in β-cell function and cardiovascular risk markers. These attributes have made incretin therapies attractive treatments for the management of T2D and have presented physicians with an opportunity to tailor treatment plans. This review endeavours to outline the commonalities and differences among incretin-based therapies and to provide guidance regarding agents most suitable for treating T2D in individual patients.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsInsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsInsulin SecretionBlood GlucoseDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsInsulinDPP-4 inhibitorGLP-1GLP-1 receptor agonistglucagon-like peptide-1incretin enhancerincretin mimeticsmode of actiontype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID26489970
PMCPMC4785614
OpenAlexW2098083442

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.