Trial reportCardiovascular diabetology2016
LEADER 5: prevalence and cardiometabolic impact of obesity in cardiovascular high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: baseline global data from the LEADER trial.
Trial report in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01179048. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Long-term, Multi-centre, International, Randomised Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Determine Liraglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Events
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007-2017.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Pooled it
- Liraglutide suppresses non-esterified free fatty acids and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 compared with metformin in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Trial
- Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with chronic kidney disease and either overweight or obesity.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Changes in carotid arterial wall viscosity and carotid arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients.Atherosclerosis · 2024Article
- Cardio-renal-metabolic disease in primary care setting.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- Weight changes following antidiabetic mediation use: Real-world evidence from health system data.Obesity science & practice · 2022Article
- Effect of Glucose Levels on Cardiovascular Risk.Cells · 2022Review
- Non-achievement of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goal in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and a Very High Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Multicenter Study in Vietnam.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2021Article
- Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Greater macrovascular and microvascular morbidity from type 2 diabetes in northern compared with southern China: A cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Observational
- Article
- Vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: prevalence and associated factors in 38 countries (the DISCOVER study program).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Observational
- The role of obesity in carotid plaque instability: interaction with age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Article
- Control of glycemia and blood pressure in British adults with diabetes mellitus and subsequent therapy choices: a comparison across health states.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Article
- Suboptimal control of lipid levels: results from the non-interventional Centralized Pan-Russian Survey of the Undertreatment of Hypercholesterolemia II (CEPHEUS II).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2017Article
- Association Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Chinese Non-Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2017Article
- Obesity: systemic and pulmonary complications, biochemical abnormalities, and impairment of lung function.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2016Review
- Correlation between anthropometric measurements and blood pressure in a population of Palestinian adults.Science progressArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 10 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological data on obesity are needed, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high cardiovascular (CV) risk. We used the baseline data of liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: evaluation of CV outcome results-A long term Evaluation (LEADER) (a clinical trial to assess the CV safety of liraglutide) to investigate: (i) prevalence of overweight and obesity; (ii) relationship of the major cardiometabolic risk factors with anthropometric measures of adiposity [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)]; and (iii) cardiometabolic treatment intensity in relation to BMI and WC.
methodsLEADER enrolled two distinct populations of high-risk patients with T2DM in 32 countries: (1) aged ≥50 years with prior CV disease; (2) aged ≥60 years with one or more CV risk factors. Associations of metabolic variables, demographic variables and treatment intensity with anthropometric measurements (BMI and WC) were explored using regression models (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01179048).
resultsMean BMI was 32.5 ± 6.3 kg/m(2) and only 9.1 % had BMI <25 kg/m(2). The prevalence of healthy WC was also extremely low (6.4 % according to International Joint Interim Statement for the Harmonization of the Metabolic Syndrome criteria). Obesity was associated with being younger, female, previous smoker, Caucasian, American, with shorter diabetes duration, uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), antihypertensive agents, insulin plus oral antihyperglycaemic treatment, higher levels of triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
conclusionsOverweight and obesity are prevalent in high CV risk patients with T2DM. BMI and WC are related to the major cardiometabolic risk factors. Furthermore, treatment intensity, such as insulin, statins or oral antihypertensive drugs, is higher in those who are overweight or obese; while BP and lipid control in these patients are remarkably suboptimal. LEADER confers a unique opportunity to explore the longitudinal effect of weight on CV risk factors and hard endpoints.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.