Evidence map›DPP-4 inhibitors × lipids›PMID 27868359›Full record

Trial reportJournal of diabetes investigation2017

Linagliptin improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized study of linagliptin effectiveness on endothelial function.

Fumika Shigiyama, Naoki Kumashiro, Masahiko Miyagi, Ryo Iga, Yuka Kobayashi, Eiichiro Kanda, Hiroshi Uchino, Takahisa Hirose

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2017. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

1number the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Apolipoprotein Blinagliptin add-on group vs baselinedescribes a change within one group, not a comparison · ascvd, t2dfeeds one cell of the map
Δ -6.00< 0.01
Single and multiple regression analyses showed that apolipoprotein B correlated significantly with change in flow-mediated dilation, and apolipoprotein B was decreased only in the linagliptin add-on group (-6.0 ± 11.3 mg/dL, P < 0.01).
FeedsDPP-4 inhibitors×lipids

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

DPP-4 inhibitors×lipids

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

9 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 5 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
1.00replicated · 2 families support, 0 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the comparatorfavours the treatment →
0 · no effect
NCT011066771,284 enrolled · 2010
Δ 2.30-3.90 to 8.50
NCT00676338820 enrolled · 2008
Δ -0.22-0.41 to -0.03
NCT00432276803 enrolled · 2007
Δ -4.20-8.60 to 0.10
NCT01137812756 enrolled · 2010
Δ -2.30-9.80 to 5.30
NCT01106690344 enrolled · 2010
Δ -12.1-12.1 to -0.90
NCT01678820299 enrolled · 2012
Δ 0.40-4.80 to 5.60
NCT0220216170 enrolled · 2014
Δ 0.970.90 to 1.05
Efficacy and safety of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor…PMID 28026912 · 2017
Δ -0.21-0.38 to -0.03
Effect of vildagliptin on hepatic steatosis.PMID 25664602 · 2015
decrease -0.10

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

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6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Fumika ShigiyamaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Naoki KumashiroDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Masahiko MiyagiDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Ryo IgaDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuka KobayashiDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Eiichiro KandaDepartment of Nephrology, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroshi UchinoDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Takahisa HiroseDivision of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Toho University · JPKure Kyosai Hospital · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

AIMS/

introductionThe present multicenter, prospective, controlled, open and randomized three-arm parallel study was designed to compare the effects of linagliptin with those of metformin on endothelial function. MATERIALS AND

methodsType 2 diabetes patients treated with 750 mg of metformin (hemoglobin A1c ≥6.0% and <8.0%, n = 96) were randomized to continue metformin 750 mg/day (control group, n = 29), metformin at 1,500 mg/day (metformin group, n = 26) and metformin 750 mg/day supplemented with linagliptin 5 mg/day (linagliptin add-on group, n = 29) and treated for 16 weeks. Vascular endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation. The primary end-point was changes in flow-mediated dilation at 16 weeks relative to baseline.

resultsLinagliptin significantly improved flow-mediated dilation from baseline (4.9 ± 2.7%) to 16 weeks (6.3 ± 2.7%, P < 0.05), whereas the other groups did not show any changes. Hemoglobin A1c at 16 weeks was significantly lower in the metformin and linagliptin add-on groups compared with the control (6.6 ± 0.6%, 6.5 ± 0.5% and 7.0 ± 0.6%, respectively). Single and multiple regression analyses showed that apolipoprotein B correlated significantly with change in flow-mediated dilation, and apolipoprotein B was decreased only in the linagliptin add-on group (-6.0 ± 11.3 mg/dL, P < 0.01).

conclusionsLinagliptin for 16 weeks improved endothelial function with a modest improvement in glycemic control. This effect was mediated, at least in part, by reduction in apolipoprotein B. Linagliptin has a protective role on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes with moderate hyperglycemia.

Indexed as

AgedCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsLinagliptinMaleMetforminMiddle AgedProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeHypoglycemic AgentsLinagliptinMetforminEndothelial functionLinagliptinType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID27868359
PMCPMC5415473
OpenAlexW2535774208

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.