Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29133604›Full record

Trial reportCirculation2018

Canagliflozin for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: Results From the CANVAS Program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study).

Kenneth W Mahaffey, Bruce Neal, Vlado Perkovic, Dick de Zeeuw, Greg Fulcher, Ngozi Erondu, Wayne Shaw, Elisa Fabbrini, Tao Sun, Qiang Li and 3 more

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Circulation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01032629. Cited by 231 papers, 22 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
231citing papers in PubMed, 22 pooled it
43.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01032629 phase3completed

A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of JNJ-28431754 on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adult Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ran2009Enrolled4,330Registered outcomes13Posted comparisons33ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk FactorsArmsCanagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) 100 mg, Canagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) 300 mg, Placebo
Open the trial in the graph
NCT01989754 phase4completed

A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Canagliflozin on Renal Endpoints in Adult Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ran2014Enrolled5,813Registered outcomes3Posted comparisons3ConditionsAlbuminuria, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsCanagliflozin, 100 mg, Canagliflozin, 300 mg, Placebo
Open the trial in the graph
NCT05719714 phase1 / phase2active not recruitingstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Metabolomics and Cardiac Mechanics in Chronic Kidney Disease

Ran2024Enrolled18Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsChronic Kidney Diseases, Heart Failure, Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, Kidney DiseasesArmsDapagliflozin 10 MG [Farxiga]
PMID 29166232PMID 29526832PMID 27679584PMID 27289124PMID 26981940PMID 26861783PMID 26050125PMID 25533966PMID 25370599PMID 24218128PMID 21817129PMID 21262990other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

231 citing papers in PubMed, 22 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 500 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
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171 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Kenneth W MahaffeyDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.W.M.) kenneth.mahaffey@stanford.edu.
Bruce NealGeorge Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (B.N., V.P., Q.L.).
Vlado PerkovicGeorge Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (B.N., V.P., Q.L.).
Dick de ZeeuwUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.d.Z.).
Greg FulcherRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Australia (V.P., G.F.).
Ngozi EronduJanssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ (N.E., W.S., E.F., T.S., M.D.).
Wayne ShawJanssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ (N.E., W.S., E.F., T.S., M.D.).
Elisa FabbriniJanssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ (N.E., W.S., E.F., T.S., M.D.).
Tao SunJanssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ (N.E., W.S., E.F., T.S., M.D.).
Qiang LiGeorge Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (B.N., V.P., Q.L.).
Mehul DesaiJanssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ (N.E., W.S., E.F., T.S., M.D.).
David R MatthewsOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, UK (D.R.M.).
CANVAS Program Collaborative Group
Janssen (United States) · USUNSW Sydney · AUImperial College London · GBRoyal North Shore Hospital · AUStanford University · USUniversity of Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCanagliflozin is a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that significantly reduces the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and elevated cardiovascular risk. The comparative effects among participants with and without a history of cardiovascular disease (secondary versus primary prevention) were prespecified for evaluation.

methodsThe CANVAS Program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study) randomly assigned 10 142 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus to canagliflozin or placebo. The primary prevention cohort comprised individuals ≥50 years of age with ≥2 risk factors for cardiovascular events but with no prior cardiovascular event, and the secondary prevention cohort comprised individuals ≥30 years of age with a prior cardiovascular event. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included heart failure hospitalization and a renal composite (40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal replacement therapy, or renal death).

resultsPrimary prevention participants (N=3486; 34%) were younger (63 versus 64 years of age), were more often female (45% versus 31%), and had a longer duration of diabetes mellitus (14 versus 13 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (N=6656; 66%). The primary end point event rate was higher in the secondary prevention group compared with the primary prevention group (36.9 versus 15.7/1000 patient-years,

conclusionsPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prior cardiovascular events had higher rates of cardiovascular outcomes compared with the primary prevention patients. Canagliflozin reduced cardiovascular and renal outcomes with no statistical evidence of heterogeneity of the treatment effect across the primary and secondary prevention groups. Additional studies will provide further insights into the effects of canagliflozin in these patient populations. CLINICAL

trial registrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01032629 and NCT01989754.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCanagliflozinCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrimary PreventionRisk FactorsSecondary PreventionSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsTime FactorsCanagliflozinSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorscanagliflozinclinical trialdiabetes mellitusprimary preventionsecondary prevention

Identifiers

PMID29133604
PMCPMC5777572
OpenAlexW2768576350

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.