Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2018
Semaglutide induces weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline BMI or gastrointestinal adverse events in the SUSTAIN 1 to 5 trials.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01885208. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0 mg Once-weekly as add-on to 1-2 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 3 - vs. QW GLP-1)
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Sitagliptin Once-daily as add-on to Metformin and/or TZD in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 2 - vs. DPP-4 Inhibitor)
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo in Drug-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once Weekly Versus Insulin Glargine Once Daily as Add on to Metformin With or Without Sulphonylurea in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo as add-on to Basal Insulin Alone or Basal Insulin in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review: Efficacy, Safety and Metabolic Outcomes of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- The prognostic role of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the setting of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Croatian medical journal · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of semaglutide on weight loss in obese or overweight patients without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Semaglutide Injection Once-Weekly for Weight Management in Adults: Results From A Randomized Phase III, Active-Controlled Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026 · on this mapTrial
- Semaglutide Injection in Indian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised, Phase III, Active-Controlled Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Safety and efficacy of switching from dulaglutide to tirzepatide across clinically relevant baseline characteristics in participants with T2D: subgroup analysis of SURPASS-SWITCH.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Trial
- Adjunctive Semaglutide in Patients Undergoing Intragastric Balloon for Weight Loss: 12-Month Prospective Comparative Study.Obesity surgery · 2025Trial
- A phase 1 study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danuglipron (PF-06882961), an oral small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Semaglutide 2.4 mg for the Treatment of Obesity: Key Elements of the STEP Trials 1 to 5.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2020 · on this mapTrial
- Semaglutide induces weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline BMI or gastrointestinal adverse events in the SUSTAIN 1 to 5 trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018 · on this mapTrial
- Weight Changes With Lower Doses of Semaglutide in Clinical Practice: Findings From the Chinese HARMONY Cohort.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Metabolic state determines the brain and direct islet effects of liraglutide on enhanced insulin secretion.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Once-Weekly Injectable Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Managed in UK Primary Care: A Population-Based Cohort Study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Metabolic and Glycemic Effects of Orforglipron, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Adults With or Without Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Clinical Impact of Semaglutide in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Functional segregation of body-brain signals in the area postrema.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- The Effect of Semaglutide on Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain and Other Metabolic Parameters, among a Cohort of Inpatients.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo assess the effect of baseline body mass index (BMI) and the occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting on weight loss induced by semalgutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Semaglutide demonstrated superior reductions in HbA1c and superior weight loss (by 2.3-6.3 kg) versus different comparators across the SUSTAIN 1 to 5 trials; the contributing factors to weight loss are not established. MATERIALS AND
methodsSubjects with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (drug-naïve or on background treatment) were randomized to subcutaneous semaglutide 0.5 mg (excluding SUSTAIN 3), 1.0 mg (all trials), or comparator (placebo, sitagliptin, exenatide extended release or insulin glargine). Subjects were subdivided by baseline BMI and reporting (yes/no) of any nausea and/or vomiting. Change from baseline in body weight was assessed within each trial and subgroup. A mediation analysis separated weight loss into direct or indirect (mediated by nausea or vomiting) effects.
resultsClinically relevant weight-loss differences were observed across all BMI subgroups, with a trend towards higher absolute weight loss with higher baseline BMI. Overall, 15.2% to 24.0% and 21.5% to 27.2% of subjects experienced nausea or vomiting with semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively, versus 6.0% to 14.1% with comparators. Only 0.07 to 0.5 kg of the treatment difference between semaglutide and comparators was mediated by nausea or vomiting (indirect effects).
conclusionsIn SUSTAIN 1 to 5, semaglutide-induced weight loss was consistently greater versus comparators, regardless of baseline BMI. The contribution of nausea or vomiting to this weight loss was minor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.