Trial reportDiabetologia2019
Non-traditional biomarkers and incident diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program: comparative effects of lifestyle and metformin interventions.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2019. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it supports the treatment in 1. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Traditional diabetes risk factors were defined as family history, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, BMI, fasting and 2 h glucose, HbA RESULTS: E-selectin, (HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06, 1.34]), adiponectin (0.84 [0.71, 0.99]) and tissue plasminogen activator (1.13 [1.03, 1.24]) were associated with incident diabetes in the placebo group, independent of diabetes risk factors.
clause the extractor read what became the number
Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Diet, exercise & lifestyle×lipids
SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →2 readable studies in this cell: 1 favour the treatment, 0 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A plasma metabolite score of three eicosanoids predicts incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in three independent cohorts.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Pooled it
- Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- Hierarchies of evidence applied to lifestyle Medicine (HEALM): introduction of a strength-of-evidence approach based on a methodological systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2019Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Metformin on the Progression of Different Types of Prediabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Smartphone-Based Physical Activity Program to Reduce "Chemo-Brain" Symptoms and Improve Health in Cancer Survivors With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pre-Post Pilot Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- The Adipokine Hypothesis of Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Novel Framework to Explain Pathogenesis and Guide Treatment.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Review
- Sex differences in predictive factors for onset of type 2 diabetes in Japanese individuals: A 15-year follow-up study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023Article
- Aberrant Expression ofCells · 2022Article
- Association of fruit and vegetable color with incident diabetes and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in the United States Hispanic/Latino population.Nutrition & diabetes · 2022Article
- Adiposity, related biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Associations of GDF-15 and GDF-15/adiponectin ratio with odds of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population.Endocrine · 2021Article
- Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Postpartum Health in Project Viva: A Prospective Cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Working Hypothesis for Glucose Metabolism and SARS-CoV-2 Replication: Interplay Between the Hexosamine Pathway and Interferon RF5 Triggering Hyperinflammation. Role of BCG Vaccine?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Does diabetes prevention translate into reduced long-term vascular complications of diabetes?Diabetologia · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
aims/hypothesisWe compared the associations of circulating biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial and adipocyte dysfunction and coagulation with incident diabetes in the placebo, lifestyle and metformin intervention arms of the Diabetes Prevention Program, a randomised clinical trial, to determine whether reported associations in general populations are reproduced in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, and whether these associations are independent of traditional diabetes risk factors. We further investigated whether biomarker-incident diabetes associations are influenced by interventions that alter pathophysiology, biomarker concentrations and rates of incident diabetes.
methodsThe Diabetes Prevention Program randomised 3234 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance into placebo, metformin (850 mg twice daily) and intensive lifestyle groups and showed that metformin and lifestyle reduced incident diabetes by 31% and 58%, respectively compared with placebo over an average follow-up period of 3.2 years. For this study, we measured adiponectin, leptin, tissue plasminogen activator (as a surrogate for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, fibrinogen, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 at baseline and at 1 year by specific immunoassays. Traditional diabetes risk factors were defined as family history, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, BMI, fasting and 2 h glucose, HbA
resultsE-selectin, (HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06, 1.34]), adiponectin (0.84 [0.71, 0.99]) and tissue plasminogen activator (1.13 [1.03, 1.24]) were associated with incident diabetes in the placebo group, independent of diabetes risk factors. Only the association between adiponectin and diabetes was maintained in the lifestyle (0.69 [0.52, 0.92]) and metformin groups (0.79 [0.66, 0.94]). E-selectin was not related to diabetes development in either lifestyle or metformin groups. A novel association appeared for change in IL-6 in the metformin group (1.09 [1.021, 1.173]) and for baseline leptin in the lifestyle groups (1.31 [1.06, 1.63]). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThese findings clarify associations between an extensive group of biomarkers and incident diabetes in a multi-ethnic cohort with impaired glucose tolerance, the effects of diabetes risk factors on these, and demonstrate differential modification of associations by interventions. They strengthen evidence linking adiponectin to diabetes development, and argue against a central role for endothelial dysfunction. The findings have implications for the pathophysiology of diabetes development and its prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.