Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31189511›Full record

Trial reportLancet (London, England)2019

Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Hertzel C Gerstein, Helen M Colhoun, Gilles R Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Mark Lakshmanan, Prem Pais, Jeffrey Probstfield, Jeffrey S Riesmeyer, Matthew C Riddle, Lars Rydén and 28 more

8 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Lancet (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01394952. Cited by 1,372 papers, 31 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,372citing papers in PubMed, 31 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01394952 phase3completed

The Effect of Dulaglutide on Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Researching Cardiovascular Events With a Weekly INcretin in Diabetes (REWIND)

Ran2011Enrolled9,901Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons8ConditionsCardiovascular Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsDulaglutide, Placebo
Open the trial in the graph
NCT05136287 completedstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Semaglutide versus glp-1 receptor agonists. effectiveness , safety and quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus 2. observational, prospective and multicenter study. several study.

Ran2022Enrolled140Registered outcomes7Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Quality of Life, Safety Issues, Weight LossArmsGLP-1 receptor agonist
PMID 27295427PMID 19545590PMID 33567185PMID 23882037PMID 29397376PMID 36520578PMID 8366922PMID 20609967PMID 26378978PMID 28249135PMID 9742976other papers from this trial
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NCT05478707 phase2recruitingstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Therapeutic Strategies for Microvascular Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes

Ran2023Enrolled47Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endothelial DysfunctionArmsDulaglutide, Placebo
PMID 29310645PMID 24742660PMID 22732108PMID 27295427PMID 27436611PMID 27633186PMID 26082639PMID 11842075PMID 1348845PMID 15161743PMID 16109070PMID 16644702other papers from this trial
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NCT06072963 phase2recruitingstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow: a Feasibility Study

Ran2024Enrolled80Registered outcomes15Posted comparisons0ConditionsAlzheimer Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Mild Cognitive ImpairmentArmsIntranasal insulin, Intranasal insulin placebo, semaglutide, Semaglutide placebo
PMID 36871874PMID 29687620PMID 33903177PMID 12821276PMID 12925848PMID 16112245PMID 17848936PMID 18367931PMID 18430999PMID 18765651PMID 19237574PMID 21911655other papers from this trial
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NCT06606821 phase4recruitingstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The Effects of Tirzepatide on Coronary Plaque Lipid Content and Myocardial Microvascular Function in Overweight and Obese People With Coronary Disease - The IDEAL-COR Study

Ran2024Enrolled124Registered outcomes23Posted comparisons0ConditionsAtherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Microvascular DysfunctionArmsPlacebo, Tirzepatide
PMID 30293770PMID 27295427PMID 30473097PMID 27633186PMID 35658024PMID 34170647PMID 20061546PMID 26685971PMID 26242984PMID 23288155PMID 21525448PMID 30291013other papers from this trial
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NCT06894784 phase3recruitingstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Semaglutide And Empagliflozin Combination Therapy Added To Automated Insulin Delivery In Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (SEMPA)

Ran2025Enrolled36Registered outcomes13Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Type 1ArmsIntervention Period 1: Semaglutide + Empagliflozin, Intervention Period 2: Semaglutide + Empagliflozin Placebo, Intervention Period 3: Semaglutide Placebo + Empagliflozin, Intervention Period 4: Semaglutide Placebo + Empagliflozin Placebo
PMID 20616619PMID 36942888PMID 31539622PMID 29246950PMID 27295427PMID 28854085PMID 25388240PMID 24947583PMID 27633186PMID 30833170PMID 29397376PMID 10233049other papers from this trial
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NCT07284511 phase2 / phase3recruitingstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Fully Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Tirzepatide: a Randomized, Multi-center, Open-label, Non-inferiority, Parallel Trial

Ran2026Enrolled105Registered outcomes35Posted comparisons0ConditionsT1D, T1DM, T1DM - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 DiabetesArmsCarbohydrate Counting, No Meal Announcement, Tandem Control-IQ Automated Insulin Delivery System (with Dexcom G7 CGM), Tirzepatide
PMID 39745353PMID 39601745PMID 31539622PMID 29246950PMID 27295427PMID 27633186PMID 34170647PMID 39794615PMID 29747423PMID 27621531PMID 27118163PMID 21346182other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT05349955 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effects and Safety of GUideline Algorithm Based Intervention on CaRdiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Elderly Diabetic Patients With High Cardiovascular Risk in the Community- A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (GUARD-Community Study)

TypeinterventionalSponsorShanghai Zhongshan HospitalRan2022 to 2026Enrolled5,600ConditionsType 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Complication, Diabetic Kidney DiseaseArmsIntensive guideline algorithm implementation, Conventional guideline algorithm implementation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,372 citing papers in PubMed, 31 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026
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1,312 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors.

Hertzel C GersteinPopulation Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Electronic address: gerstein@mcmaster.ca.
Helen M ColhounUniversity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Gilles R DagenaisInstitut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
Rafael DiazECLA, Estudios Clínicos Latinoamérica, Rosario, Argentina.
Mark LakshmananEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Prem PaisSt John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
Jeffrey ProbstfieldDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jeffrey S RiesmeyerEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Matthew C RiddleDepartment of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR, USA.
Lars RydénDepartment of Medicine K2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Denis XavierSt John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
Charles Messan AtissoEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Leanne DyalPopulation Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Stephanie HallPopulation Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Purnima Rao-MelaciniPopulation Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Gloria WongPopulation Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Alvaro AvezumInstituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia and University Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jan BasileMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Namsik ChungYonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.
Ignacio CongetEndocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic i Universitari, Barcelona, Spain.
William C CushmanMemphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Edward FranekMossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences and Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland.
Nicolae HancuIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
Markolf HanefeldDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dresden Technical University, Dresden, Germany.
Shaun HoltVictoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Petr JanskyUniversity Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
Matyas KeltaiSemmelweis University, Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary.
Fernando LanasUniversidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Lawrence A LeiterLi Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Patricio Lopez-JaramilloResearch Institute, FOSCAL and Medical School, Universidad de Santander UDES, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Ernesto German Cardona MunozUniversidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara, Mexico.
Valdis PiragsLatvijas Universitate, Riga, Latvia.
Nana PogosovaNational Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.
Peter J RaubenheimerUniversity of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jonathan E ShawBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Wayne H-H SheuTaichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Theodora Temelkova-KurktschievRobert Koch Medical Centre, Sofia, Bulgaria.
REWIND Investigators

Funding

The Patient-Reported Outcomes, Community-Engagement and Language (PRO-CEL) CoreP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · 1985 to 2025
$88.4M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThree different glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk with high glycated haemoglobin A

methodsThis multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated random code with stratification by site. All investigators and participants were masked to treatment assignment. Participants were followed up at least every 6 months for incident cardiovascular and other serious clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes (including unknown causes), which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952.

findingsBetween Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants (mean age 66·2 years [SD 6·5], median HbA

interpretationDulaglutide could be considered for the management of glycaemic control in middle-aged and older people with type 2 diabetes with either previous cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors.

fundingEli Lilly and Company.

Indexed as

AgedCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodFemaleGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionRecombinant Fusion ProteinsStrokedulaglutideGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsRecombinant Fusion Proteins

Identifiers

PMID31189511

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

and 2 more above

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.