ArticleBMC medicine2019
Effect of body mass index on pregnancy outcomes in a freeze-all policy: an analysis of 22,043 first autologous frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles in China.
Article in BMC medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05952882 (Effectiveness of the Combination Liraglutide and Metformin on Weight Loss, Metabolic - Endocrine Parameters and Pregnancy Rate in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Obesity and Infertility), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of the Combination Liraglutide and Metformin on Weight Loss, Metabolic - Endocrine Parameters and Pregnancy Rate in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Obesity and Infertility
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of maternal body mass index on pregnancy outcomes following frozen embryo transfer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Association between abnormal body mass index and pregnancy outcomes in patients following frozen embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2021Pooled it
- Risk factors and treatment strategies for live birth in women with high BMI undergoing ART.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Association between body roundness index and reproductive outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a secondary analysis based on PCOSAct.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Does Metabolic Status Associate With IVF Outcomes in Women Within Similar Body Mass Index Category: Evidence From a Large Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Microbiome-Maternal Tract Interactions in Women with Recurrent Implantation Failure.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first trimester did not adversely impact perinatal and obstetric outcomes subsequent to in vitro fertilization with frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes after modified natural cycle-frozen embryo transfers according to size of the dominant follicle on the hCG trigger day.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Serum β-hCG, AMH, TSH, and PRL Levels in Predicting the Outcome of Early Pregnancy 14 Days after Embryo Transfer: A Prospective Cohort Study.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- The PPOS protocol mitigates the detrimental effects of high BMI on embryo and clinical pregnancy outcomes.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Article
- Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- The impact of obesity on reproductive health and metabolism in reproductive-age females.Fertility and sterility · 2024Review
- Individualized luteal phase support in frozen-thawed embryo transfer after intramuscular progesterone administration might rectify live birth rate.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate dose in progestin-primed ovarian stimulation on pregnancy outcomes in poor ovarian response patients with different body mass index levels.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Evaluating the impact of visceral fat on the outcomes of frozen embryo transfer via bioelectrical impedance analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- A new prognostic model for recurrent pregnancy loss: assessment of thyroid and thromboelastograph parameters.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Does body mass index compromise assisted reproductive technique outcomes? A cross-sectional study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2023Article
- Maternal body mass index is not associated with assisted reproductive technology outcomes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Recurrent Implantation Failure: Bioinformatic Discovery of Biomarkers and Identification of Metabolic Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Impact of maternal body mass index on outcomes of singleton pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology: a 14-year analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAbnormal BMI is associated with discouraging IVF outcomes in fresh autologous or oocyte donor cycles, whether or not such a relation also holds true for women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) remains unknown. In addition, it remains unclear the detrimental effect of abnormal BMI on IVF outcomes occurs at the level of ovary or endometrium.
methodsA retrospective study involved 22,043 first FET cycles of all women who had undergone a freeze-all policy during the period from January 2010 to June 2017. To control for the embryo factor, our analysis was restricted to women with high-quality embryo transfer. The main outcome measure was live birth rate per embryo transfer. The secondary endpoints included rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and pregnancy loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the independent effect of BMI on live birth rate after adjusting for important confounding variables.
resultsIn the crude analysis, reproductive outcomes were similar between underweight women and normal-weight controls whereas all parameter outcomes were significantly worse in patients with obesity. After adjustment for a number of confounding factors, underweight women had a marginally significant decrease in rates of implantation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.91; 95% CI 0.85-0.96), clinical pregnancy (aOR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-0.99), and live birth (aOR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-0.99) as compared to the women with normal weight. Obesity was significantly associated with decreased implantation (aOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.73-0.87), clinical pregnancy (aOR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71-0.91), and live birth rates (aOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.62-0.80). Moreover, the pregnancy loss rate, both in the first (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15-1.87) and in the second trimester (aOR 2.76; 95% CI 1.67-4.58), was significantly higher in the obesity group than that in the reference group.
conclusionsAmong women undergoing first FET with high-quality embryo transfer, low BMI has limited impact on pregnancy and live birth rates. On the contrary, obesity was associated with worse IVF outcomes. Our findings further highlighted that endometrial receptivity played an important role in the poor reproductive outcomes of women with abnormal weight status.
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