SynthesisJournal of endocrinological investigation2020
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of metformin on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Relationship Between SGLT-2i and Ocular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Pooled it
- The Comparison of the Effect of Adding Empagliflozin to the Medication Regimen on Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Type II Diabetes: A Double Blind Randomised Clinical Trial.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Regulatory mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on gut microbiota in diabetic microvascular complications.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Novel glucose-lowering agents that benefit diabetic foot: icing on the cake.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Systemic Medications and Their Ocular Side Effects.Cureus · 2024Review
- Risk of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a real-world data study from a global federated database.Diabetologia · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- Treatment adherence and the contemporary approach to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2024Review
- The use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus sulfonylureas and the risk of lower limb amputations: a nation-wide cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).Diabetologia · 2022 · on this mapReview
- Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).Diabetes care · 2022 · on this mapReview
- Beyond the Glycaemic Control of Dapagliflozin: Microangiopathy and Non-classical Complications.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2022Review
- Empagliflozin Enhances Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Antioxidant Defense and Ameliorates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Nondiabetic Rats.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: renal outcomes according to baseline albuminuria.Clinical kidney journal · 2021Article
- An Overview of Similarities and Differences in Metabolic Actions and Effects of Central Nervous System Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) and Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2is).Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021 · on this mapReview
- SGLT inhibitors in type 1 diabetes: weighing efficacy and side effects.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe effect of the sodium-glucose 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on microvascular complications remains uncertain. We performed a systematic review to determine the efficacy of the SGLT-2 inhibitors on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
methodsA comprehensive search was performed using Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May 2019. Randomized trials comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors with placebo or other medication for type 2 diabetes for ≥ 4 weeks were included. Diabetes-related microvascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease were evaluated. A random-effect model using mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratio for dichotomous outcomes was used to synthesize data. PROSPERO (CRD 42017076460).
resultsA total of 40 RCTs with overall moderate quality of evidence were included. SGLT-2 inhibitors reduced the risk of renal-replacement therapy (0.65; 95% CI 0.54-0.79), renal death (0.57; 95% CI 0.49-0.65), and progression of albuminuria (0.69; 95% CI 0.66-0.73). Conversely, they appeared ineffective in maintaining eGFR (0.33; 95% CI - 0.74 to 1.41) or reducing serum creatinine (- 0.07; 95% CI - 0.26 to 0.11), whereas urine albumin-creatinine ratio (- 23.4; 95% CI - 44.6 to - 2.2) was reduced. Risk of amputation was non-significant (1.30; 95% CI 0.93-1.83). No available data were found regarding neuropathy and retinopathy to perform a quantitative analysis.
conclusionSGLT-2 inhibitors may reduce the risk of renal patient-important outcomes but fail to improve surrogate outcomes. Apparently, no increased risk of amputations was observed with these medications. No data were available regarding other microvascular complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.