Trial reportScientific reports2020
Prevalence of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in Patients with Refractory Functional Dyspepsia: a Randomized Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exclusion Diets in Functional Dyspepsia.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross-over trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- The Role of Diet in Functional Dyspepsia.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The genetic association between celiac disease and risk of functional dyspepsia: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Psychiatric Symptoms Associated with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Focused Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Beyond Medication: Integrative and Nutrition Therapies for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and clinical implications of duodenal eosinophilia in patients with refractory functional dyspepsia: A cross-sectional analysis.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Living Gluten-Free in Romania: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Adherence in Clinically Diagnosed and Self-Reported Cases.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Non-Coeliac Wheat Sensitivity: Symptoms in Search of a Mechanism, or a Distinct Well-Defined Clinical Entity? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- [Functional Dyspepsia].The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2025Review
- Self-Reported Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity and Other Food Sensitivities in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Why are disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) often food-related? Duodenal eosinophils and mast cells, small intestinal bacteria, food allergy and altered food intake in functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome: a new paradigm.Journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- The road to Rome IV and beyond: Evolution, refinements and future considerations for the Rome criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Beyond gluten: the multifaceted regulation of MHC class II in celiac disease pathogenesis.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2025Review
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of functional dyspepsia: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of celiac disease in migraine patients.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- The Gliadin Hydrolysis Capacity ofNutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Refractory functional dyspepsia (RFD) is characterized by symptoms persistence in spite of medical treatment or H. pylori eradication. No study has yet investigated the presence of gluten-dependent RFD as a clinical presentation of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS). Patients with RFD, in whom celiac disease, wheat allergy and H. pylori infection had been ruled out, followed a six weeks long gluten-free diet (GFD). Symptoms were evaluated by means of visual analogue scales; patients with ≥30% improvement in at least one of the reported symptoms after GFD underwent a double-blind placebo controlled gluten challenge. Subjects were randomly divided in two groups and symptoms were evaluated after the gluten/placebo challenge. GFD responders were further followed on for 3 months to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and gluten consumption. Out of 77 patients with RFD, 50 (65%) did not respond to GFD; 27 (35%) cases showed gastrointestinal symptoms improvement while on GFD; after blind gluten ingestion, symptoms recurred in 5 cases (6.4% of patients with RFD, 18% of GFD responders) suggesting the presence of NCGS. Furthermore, such extra-intestinal symptoms as fatigue and weakness (P = 0.000), musculo-skeletal pain (P = 0.000) and headache (P = 0.002) improved in NCGS patients on GFD. Because of the high prevalence of NCGS among patients with RFD, a diagnostic/therapeutic roadmap evaluating the effect of GFD in patients with RFD seems a reasonable (and simple) approach.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.