Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33184979›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2021

Effects of oral semaglutide on energy intake, food preference, appetite, control of eating and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Catherine Gibbons, John Blundell, Søren Tetens Hoff, Kirsten Dahl, Robert Bauer, Tine Baekdal

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT02773381. Cited by 79 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02773381 phase1completed

A Trial Investigating the Effect of Oral Semaglutide Compared With Placebo on Postprandial Glucose and Triglyceride Metabolism, Energy Intake, Appetite Sensations and Gastric Emptying in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2016Enrolled15Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsPlacebo, semaglutide
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Effects ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Catherine GibbonsDepartment of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
John BlundellDepartment of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7085-9596
Søren Tetens HoffNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Kirsten DahlNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5063-1554
Robert BauerNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Tine BaekdalNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-1348-0352
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKUniversity of Leeds · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo evaluate the effect of oral semaglutide on energy intake and appetite in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period cross-over trial, 15 subjects with T2D received 12 weeks of treatment with once-daily oral semaglutide (4-week dose escalation from 3 to 7 to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa. Energy intake was measured during an ad libitum lunch, evening meal and snack box after a standard breakfast. Appetite ratings were measured using a visual analogue scale after standard and fat-rich breakfasts. Other assessments included eating and craving control (using the Control of Eating Questionnaire), and changes in body weight and composition.

resultsFollowing a standard breakfast, total daily ad libitum energy intake was significantly lower (38.9%) with oral semaglutide versus placebo in 13 evaluable subjects (estimated treatment difference, -5096.0 kJ; 95% CI -7000.0, -3192.1; P = .0001). After a fat-rich breakfast, there were significant differences in favour of oral semaglutide versus placebo for measures of satiety, hunger and for overall appetite score, with no significant differences following a standard breakfast. Fewer food cravings and better eating control were seen with oral semaglutide versus placebo. Overall, mean body weight decreased by 2.7 kg with oral semaglutide and 0.1 kg with placebo, mostly attributable to body fat mass loss.

conclusionAfter 12 weeks of treatment, ad libitum energy intake was lower with oral semaglutide versus placebo, resulting in reduced body fat mass, and was associated with increased satiety and fullness after a fat-rich breakfast, and improved eating control. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02773381.

Indexed as

AppetiteDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Body WeightBreakfastCross-Over StudiesEatingEnergy IntakeFood PreferencesGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansSemaglutideGlucagon-Like PeptidesSemaglutideappetite controlbody compositionenergy regulationGLP-1 analogueincretin therapytype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33184979
PMCPMC7839771
OpenAlexW3106528346

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.