ArticleJournal of medical virology2021
Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is metformin use associated with low mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19? a multivariable and propensity score-adjusted meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023 · on this mapPooled it
- Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia Including Dexamethasone-Associated Hyperglycemia in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Pooled it
- Does metformin affect outcomes in COVID-19 patients with new or pre-existing diabetes mellitus? A systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Association Between Anti-diabetic Agents and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Archives of medical research · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between Antidiabetic Agents and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Metformin in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Randomized Trial of Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine for Covid-19.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- The length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients using pre-hospital metformin at a Saudi tertiary hospital: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Effect of COVID-19 on Incident Diabetes in Pediatric Patients: Findings From the National COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative (N3C).Pediatric diabetes · 2025Article
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Effects of different treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality of coronavirus disease from 2019 to 2021 in China: a multi-institutional retrospective study.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Article
- Bile acids and coronavirus disease 2019.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Why Certain Repurposed Drugs Are Unlikely to Be Effective Antivirals to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infections.Viruses · 2024Article
- The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in patients treated with hemodialysis.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- The Management of COVID-19-Related Coagulopathy: A Focus on the Challenges of Metabolic and Vascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Long and Short-term Metformin Consumption as a Potential Therapy to Prevent Complications of COVID-19.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Article
- A method for comparing multiple imputation techniques: A case study on the U.S. national COVID cohort collaborative.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2023Article
- Metformin is associated with reduced COVID-19 severity in patients with prediabetes.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022Observational
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Infection Severity on Longer-Term Glycemic Control and Weight in People With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- A comment on metformin and COVID-19 with regard to "Metformin use is associated with a decrease in the risk of hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A population-based study in Lombardy".Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Observational studies suggest outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Metformin is known to decrease interleukin-6 and tumor-necrosis factor-α, which appear to contribute to morbidity in COVID-19. We sought to understand whether outpatient metformin use was associated with reduced odds of severe COVID-19 disease in a large US healthcare data set. Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data that was pooled across multiple EHR systems from 12 hospitals and 60 primary care clinics in the Midwest between March 4, 2020 and December 4, 2020. Inclusion criteria: data for body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.