Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34385345›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2021

Trends in First-Line Glucose-Lowering Drug Use in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Light of Emerging Evidence for SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA.

HoJin Shin, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Robert J Glynn, Elisabetta Patorno

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06759922 (Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride, Empagliflozin and Sitagliptin With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06759922 phase4completedstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride, Empagliflozin and Sitagliptin With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double and Triple Drug Therapy

Ran2025Enrolled172Registered outcomes2Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsTab Metformin + Tab Empagliflozin, Tab Metformin + Tab Empagliflozin + Tab Sitagliptin, Tab Metformin + Tab Glimepiride, Tab Metformin +Tab Sitagliptin
PMID 34388848PMID 32041141PMID 34352984PMID 33736819PMID 32690918PMID 31081587PMID 30961501PMID 35309368PMID 35668219PMID 36151309PMID 36507650PMID 37809225other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: The Past, Present, and Future.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

HoJin ShinDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA hos739@mail.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2032-6134
Sebastian SchneeweissDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Robert J GlynnDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Elisabetta PatornoDivision of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0002-8809-9898
Brigham and Women's Hospital · US

Funding

Novel Approaches to Monitor the Safety and Effectiveness of Newly Marketed Diabetes Medications in Older Adults Considering Frailty and MultimorbidityK08AG055670 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI PATORNO, ELISABETTA · 2018 to 2021
$661k
NIA NIH HHS K08 AG055670
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe evaluated recent use trends and predictors of first-line antidiabetes treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsUsing two large U.S. health insurance databases (Clinformatics and Medicare), we identified adult patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated antidiabetes treatment from 2013 through 2019. Quarterly trends in use of first-line antidiabetes treatment were plotted overall and stratified by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multinomial logistic regressions were fit to estimate predictors of first-line antidiabetes treatment, using metformin, the recommended first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, as the common referent.

resultsMetformin was the most frequently initiated medication, used by 80.6% of Medicare beneficiaries and 83.1% of commercially insured patients. Sulfonylureas were used by 8.7% (Medicare) and 4.7% (commercial). Both populations had low use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i, 0.8% [Medicare] and 1.7% [commercial]) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra; 1.0% [Medicare] and 3.5% [commercial]), with increasing trends over time (

conclusionsAmong adult patients with type 2 diabetes, metformin was by far the most frequent first-line treatment. While the use of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA was low from 2013 through 2019, it increased among patients with CVD.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Pharmaceutical PreparationsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdultAgedGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucoseHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMedicareUnited StatesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsPharmaceutical PreparationsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID34385345
PMCPMC8385465
OpenAlexW3174878740

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.