SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Relationship Between SGLT-2i and Ocular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph read 4 numbers from its abstract, feeding 3 cells of the map: it finds no clear difference in 2. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Ertugliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.01) reduced the risk for retinal disease, while empagliflozin (RR=0.44, P=0.05) reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with controls.
SGLT-2i (RR=0.50, P=0.02), perhaps empagliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.06), reduced the risk of retinal disease compared with active hypoglycemic agents.
SGLT-2i (RR=0.50, P=0.02), perhaps empagliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.06), reduced the risk of retinal disease compared with active hypoglycemic agents.
Ertugliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.01) reduced the risk for retinal disease, while empagliflozin (RR=0.44, P=0.05) reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with controls.
clause the extractor read what became the number
Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Other glucose-lowering×hypoglycaemia
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →1 readable study in this cell: 1 favour the treatment, 0 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
SGLT2 inhibitors×adverse events & safety
InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →38 readable studies in this cell: 18 favour the treatment, 19 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
SGLT2 inhibitors×hypoglycaemia
InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →9 readable studies in this cell: 5 favour the treatment, 4 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Pooled it
- SGLT2 inhibitor short-term efficacy and SYNTAX score association in coronary heart disease retinopathy: a propensity score matching study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Trial
- SGLT2 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy progression: evidence from a retrospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors Versus DPP-4 Inhibitors and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients WithType 2 Diabetes: A Multinational Cohort Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Review
- Association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and macular degeneration in patients with diabetes: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- Risk of dementia after initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in adults aged 40-69 years with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- Risk of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a real-world data study from a global federated database.Diabetologia · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- Novel Antidiabetic Drugs and the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the incidence of uveitis in type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
- Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with the incidence of corneal diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Research progress on ocular complications caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the function of tears and blepharons.Open life sciences · 2024Review
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Risk of Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association of SGLT-2 Inhibitors With Treatment Satisfaction and Diabetes-Specific and General Health Status in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Observational
- Utilization of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on dry eye disease severity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Will GLP-1 Analogues and SGLT-2 Inhibitors Become New Game Changers for Diabetic Retinopathy?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- SGLT inhibitors for improving Healthspan and lifespan.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and ocular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Springer were searched for articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving T2DM patients treated with SGLT-2i versus placebo or other hypoglycemic agents published prior to August 2021. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis was incidence of ocular diseases, which was assessed using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We reviewed 47 papers and compared the effect of SGLT-2i with the effect of the control groups (placebo and other hypoglycemic drugs) on the incidence of ocular diseases. Results: Compared with controls, overall SGLT-2i use in T2DM patients was not associated with incidences of cataract, glaucoma, retinal disease and vitreous disease. Ertugliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.01) reduced the risk for retinal disease, while empagliflozin (RR=0.44, P=0.05) reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with controls. SGLT-2i (RR=0.50, P=0.02), perhaps empagliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.06), reduced the risk of retinal disease compared with active hypoglycemic agents. Canagliflozin (RR=4.50, P=0.03) increased the risk for vitreous disease compared with placebo. Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between overall SGLT-2i and ocular diseases (cataract, glaucoma, retinal disease, vitreous disease, corneal disease, conjunctival disease, uveal disease, eye haemorrhage and vision problems) in T2DM patients. Ertugliflozin and empagliflozin may protect against ocular diseases, but canagliflozin may promote ocular diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.