ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2023
Semaglutide improves cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with overweight or obesity: STEP 1 and 4 exploratory analyses.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT03548935. Cited by 62 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly in Subjects With Overweight or Obesity
Open the trial in the graphEffect and Safety of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly in Subjects With Overweight or Obesity Who Have Reached Target Dose During run-in Period
Open the trial in the graphMonitoring Patients With Severe Obesity Treated With Wegovy® Using Connected Device: Real-world Data
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Metabolic outcomes and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in children and adolescents with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes: Individual Variation and Relationship to Cardiometabolic Outcomes.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Assessing the evidence for health benefits of low-level weight loss: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Survodutide Improves Biomarkers of Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Living With Overweight/Obesity.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Semaglutide Improves Lipid Subfraction Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a One-Year Follow-Up Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Treatment with orforglipron, an oral glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is associated with improvements of CV risk biomarkers in participants with type 2 diabetes or obesity without diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment in five randomized controlled STEP trials.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Semaglutide versus placebo in people with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a pooled analysis of the STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Trial
- The evolving therapeutic landscape of gut-pancreatic peptide signalling in metabolic disorders: from mono- to multi-agonist therapies.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Semaglutide 2.4 mg Cardiometabolic Long-Term Effects in Patients With Obesity or Overweight in a Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States (SMILE).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Adipose Tissue Plasticity, Lipoprotein Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Risk: The Emerging Role of the GLP-1 Axis.Circulation research · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Blood Pressure: A State-of-the-Art Review of Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Implications.American journal of hypertension · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic 2.0: Redefining Cardiovascular Prevention Through SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Role of GLP1 Receptor Agonists and Multi-agonist Incretin Therapies for Specific Obesity-related Health Conditions: Evidence and Rationale for Prioritisation.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- A treat-to-target approach for obesity management: A post hoc analysis of the SURMOUNT-5 trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Combination Therapy Before and After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Review of Outcomes.Journal of metabolic and bariatric surgery · 2026Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsEvaluate the effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with overweight/obesity without diabetes in the STEP 1 and 4 trials. MATERIALS AND
methodsSTEP 1 and 4 were phase III, 68-week, placebo-controlled trials of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg combined with lifestyle intervention; STEP 4 had a 20-week semaglutide run-in and 48-week randomized withdrawal period. Participants had a body mass index ≥30 kg/m
resultsOf the 1961 participants in STEP 1 and 803 in STEP 4, most had one or more complication/comorbidity at baseline, with dyslipidaemia and hypertension most prevalent. In STEP 1, reductions in waist circumference, SBP, DBP, FPG, fasting serum insulin, lipids and HOMA-IR were greater with semaglutide versus placebo (p ≤ .001). Reductions in SBP, non-HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and FPG were generally greater with semaglutide than placebo within weight-loss categories. Non-significant ASCVD risk reductions were observed with semaglutide versus placebo (p > .05). In STEP 4, improvements in waist circumference, SBP, FPG, fasting serum insulin and lipids during the semaglutide run-in (week 0-20) were maintained over week 20-68 with continued semaglutide, but deteriorated following the switch to placebo (p < .001 [week 20-68]). Net reductions in antihypertensive/lipid-lowering medication use occurred with semaglutide versus placebo (both trials).
conclusionsSemaglutide may improve cardiometabolic risk factors and reduce antihypertensive/lipid-lowering medication use versus placebo in adults with overweight/obesity without diabetes. These potential benefits were not maintained after treatment discontinuation. CLINICALTRIALS: GOV NUMBERS: STEP 1 NCT03548935, STEP 4 NCT03548987.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.