← DPP-4 inhibitors × adverse events & safety

SynthesisJournal of diabetes2023

Noninsulin-based antihyperglycemic medications in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mahmoud Nassar et al.PubMed ↗Full text ↗Publisher ↗

What the trial testedrandomised · 2023

Randomised comparison

Probably lowered adverse events & safety

−11%−16% to −5%

Bigger than 4 in 10 for adverse events & safety

As reported

RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.95

Randomised comparison

Probably raised adverse events & safety

+44%+23% to +68%

Bigger than 6 in 10 for adverse events & safety

As reported

RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.23–1.68

Randomised comparison

Probably raised adverse events & safety

+24%+4% to +48%

Bigger than 5 in 10 for adverse events & safety

As reported

RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48

What moved togetherboth groups pooled, not the treatment’s effect

Correlation · may be no link

No clear link with adverse events & safety

0.6×0.4× to 73×

Bigger than 7 in 10 for adverse events & safety

As reported

RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42–73.0

Correlation, not cause

Went with fewer deaths

−40%−53% to −23%

Bigger than 9 in 10 for all-cause mortality

As reported

RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47–0.77 · the paper's word: All-cause mortality

Correlation, not cause

Went with lower adverse events & safety

−21%−31% to −11%

Bigger than 5 in 10 for adverse events & safety

As reported

RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69–0.89

+1 more in the walkthrough ↓

Seven numbers in the abstract

the abstract, start to end

… for SGLT-2i users vs nonusers (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95, p < .001).

… higher hospitalization risk (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.68, p < .001) and higher risk of ICU admissions and/or mechanical ventilation vs nonusers (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48, p < .02).

… significant decrease in mortality (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42, 073, p < 0.001), ICU admission, and/or mechanical ventilation (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.89, p < .001), and hospitalization (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.98, p = .04).

… lower mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: …

← favours treatmentfavours comparator →
could be chance
Adverse events & safety
RR 0.890.84–0.95
Adverse events & safety
RR 1.441.23–1.68
Adverse events & safety
RR 0.560.42–73.0
All-cause mortality
RR 0.600.47–0.77
Adverse events & safety
RR 0.790.69–0.89
Adverse events & safety
RR 1.241.04–1.48
Adverse events & safety
RR 0.730.54–0.98
MetforminSGLT2 inhibitorsGLP-1 receptor agonistsDPP-4 inhibitorsOther glucose-loweringAll-cause mortalityAdverse events & safety

DPP-4 inhibitors × adverse events & safetyharms?mixed

unlikelylikely
0.00not counted

SGLT2 inhibitors × adverse events & safetyharms?mixed

unlikelylikely
0.00not counted
← favours comparatorfavours treatment →
more certainless certain
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Full record →Abstract, authors, funding and every citing paper · PMID 36690377