Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36746803›Full record

Trial reportDiabetologia2023

Separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on kidney oxygenation and perfusion in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised trial.

Søren Gullaksen, Liv Vernstrøm, Steffen S Sørensen, Steffen Ringgaard, Christoffer Laustsen, Kristian L Funck, Per L Poulsen, Esben Laugesen

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetologia, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
12.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. GLP-1-based therapeutics for cardiorenal protection in metabolic diseases.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Søren GullaksenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. soegul@clin.au.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-1278
Liv VernstrømDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2875-435X
Steffen S SørensenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Steffen RinggaardDepartment of Clinical Medicine, The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5353-7379
Christoffer LaustsenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-2911
Kristian L FunckSteno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-5550
Per L PoulsenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6468-2715
Esben LaugesenDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-1596
Aarhus University · DKSteno Diabetes Centers · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1ras) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have shown kidney-protective effects. Improved kidney oxygenation and haemodynamic changes are suggested mechanisms; however, human data are scarce. We therefore investigated whether semaglutide (GLP-1ra), empagliflozin (SGLT2i) or their combination improve kidney oxygenation and perfusion.

methodsThe trial was undertaken at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. A total of 120 people with type 2 diabetes (HbA

resultsOur model estimated a common baseline R2* value across all four groups in the cortex and the medulla. At baseline, the value was 24.5 (95% CI 23.9, 24.9) Hz in the medulla. After 32 weeks, the R2* values in the medulla were estimated to be 25.4 (95% CI 24.7, 26.2) Hz in the empagliflozin group and 24.5 (95% CI 23.9, 25.1) Hz in the placebo group (p=0.016) (higher R2* corresponds to a lower oxygenation). Semaglutide decreased perfusion in both the cortex and the medulla. Empagliflozin increased erythropoietin and haematocrit. All three active treatments decreased GFR but not UACR. Ten serious adverse events were reported, among them two occurrences of semaglutide-associated obstipation. CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationOur hypothesis, that semaglutide, empagliflozin or their combination improve kidney oxygenation, was rejected. On the contrary, empagliflozin induced a reduction in medullary kidney oxygenation. Semaglutide substantially reduced kidney perfusion without affecting oxygenation.

trial registrationClinicaltrialsregister.eu EudraCT 2019-000781-38

fundingNovo Nordisk Foundation, Central Denmark Region Research Fund and Danish Medical Associations Research Foundation.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ErythropoietinBenzhydryl CompoundsDouble-Blind MethodGlucosidesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsKidneyMiddle AgedPerfusionSemaglutideTreatment OutcomeBenzhydryl CompoundsempagliflozinErythropoietinGlucosidesHypoglycemic AgentsSemaglutideGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistKidneyMRISodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID36746803
OpenAlexW4319301007

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.