SynthesisBMJ open2023
Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus SGLT-2 inhibitors in overweight/obese patients with or without diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Comparing SGLT2i and Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs as Dual Therapy Add-On to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Intervening Early in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Expert Recommendations from the United Arab Emirates on the Management of Prediabetes.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Guideline
- The quantity, quality and findings of network meta-analyses evaluating the effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs for weight loss: a scoping review.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of pharmacological interventions on metabolic and hormonal outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: a Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized controlled trials.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of incretin drugs on glycemic control, body weight, and blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity and with/without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors in preventing T2DM in high-risk patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Pooled it
- Lifestyle Intervention for Sustained Remission of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Using real-world data to predict findings of an ongoing phase IV trial: glycemic control of semaglutide versus standard of care.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Trial
- Long-term comparative effectiveness of once-weekly semaglutide versus alternative treatments in a real-world US adult population with type 2 diabetes: a randomized pragmatic clinical trial.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Trial
- Lost and not found: randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for weight-loss in patients with chronic kidney disease.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Trends in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2-Inhibitor Utilization and Expenditure Between 2017-2023: Demographic, Income, and Insurance Associations.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Nephropathy:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- Defining the Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes With or Without Overweight/Obesity: An International Delphi Consensus.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Phenome-wide analysis of downstream health outcomes following second-line antidiabetic agent prescriptions in All of Us.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Canagliflozin regulates adipocyte lipolysis in vitro via a SGLT2 independent signaling pathway.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Highly Effective Glucose-Lowering Agents: Do Current Practices Optimize Clinical and Economic Outcomes?Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Integrative Review of Reviews and Comparative Effectiveness Studies (2020-2025).Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety between and within glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes mellitus.
methodsPubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database were comprehensively searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is in overweight or obese participants from inception to 16 January 2022. The efficacy outcomes were the changes of body weight, glucose level and blood pressure. The safety outcomes were serious adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events. The mean differences, ORs, 95% credible intervals (95% CI), the surface under the cumulative ranking were evaluated for each outcome by network meta-analysis.
resultsSixty-one RCTs were included in our analysis. Both GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is conferred greater extents in body weight reduction, achieving at least 5% wt loss, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose decrease compared with placebo. GLP-1RAs was superior to SGLT-2is in HbA1c reduction (MD: -0.39%, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.08). GLP-1RAs had high risk of adverse events, while SGLT-2is were relatively safe. Based on intraclass comparison, semaglutide 2.4 mg was among the most effective interventions in losing body weight (MD: -11.51 kg, 95% CI -12.83 to -10.21), decreasing HbA1c (MD: -1.49%, 95% CI -2.07 to -0.92) and fasting plasma glucose (MD: -2.15 mmol/L, 95% CI -2.83 to -1.59), reducing systolic blood pressure (MD: -4.89 mm Hg, 95% CI -6.04 to -3.71) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: -1.59 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.37 to -0.86) with moderate certainty evidences, while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.
conclusionsSemaglutide 2.4 mg showed the greatest effects on losing body weight, controlling glycaemic level and reducing blood pressure while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258103.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.