SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2023
A systematic review of the safety of tirzepatide-a new dual GLP1 and GIP agonist - is its safety profile acceptable?
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The overall safety profile of tirzepatide is similar to GLP-1RAs, except for the hypoglycemia (tirzepatide 15mg, pooled RR=3.83, 95% CI [1.19- 12.30], Conclusion: The safety profile of tirzepatide is generally acceptable, similar to GLP-1 RAs.
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Where it lands on the map
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What it adds to each cell
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GIP/GLP-1 & amylin agonists×hypoglycaemia
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →6 readable studies in this cell: 1 favour the treatment, 3 find no difference, 2 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×hypoglycaemia
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →11 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 3 find no difference, 6 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal safety of semaglutide and tirzepatide vs. placebo in obese individuals without diabetes: a systematic review and meta analysis.Annals of Saudi medicine · on this mapPooled it
- Integrated Evidence from VigiBase and Clinical Trials: A Comprehensive Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Seven Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs).Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- A narrative review on tirzepatide's therapeutic potential in glycemic control and cardioprotection.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Dual incretin analogue tirzepitide - SURMOUNTing the challenge of obesity induced obstructive sleep apnea.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Severe Adverse Effects of Tirzepatide Overdose Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission and Complex Rehabilitation.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Tirzepatide safety in type 2 diabetes: a disproportionality analysis of adverse events using the FDA FAERS database.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- The Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Patients with Diabetes and/or Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European clinical respiratory journal · 2025Review
- Appendicitis After Initiation of Tirzepatide.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- The Effects of Tirzepatide on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Tirzepatide-Associated Colonic Ischemia.ACG case reports journal · 2024Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Chronic Weight Management.Advances in medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
Aims: Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). At present, there is no controversy over its effectiveness, but its safety. We conducted a systematic review to assess the safety of tirzepatide. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tirzepatide from databases inception to August 28, 2022 and used the Cochrane Systematic Assessment Manual Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (version 5.1) and modified Jadad scale to assess risk of bias. The systematic review was conducted Results: Nine RCTs with a total of 9818 patients were included. The overall safety profile of tirzepatide is similar to GLP-1RAs, except for the hypoglycemia (tirzepatide 15mg, pooled RR=3.83, 95% CI [1.19- 12.30], Conclusion: The safety profile of tirzepatide is generally acceptable, similar to GLP-1 RAs. It is necessary to pay attention to its specific adverse events (hypoglycemia and discontinuation) at high doses (10mg or higher). Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, discontinuation and injection-site reaction were dose-dependence among specific dose ranges.As the heterogeneity in different studies by interventions, the results may be with biases and the further confirmation is needed. Meanwhile, more well-designed trials are needed to control the confounding factors and ensure adequate sample size.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.