Trial reportDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2023
Impact of Fixed Combination of Metformin and Pioglitazone on Insulin Resistance of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Randomized Open-Label Study.
Trial report in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Add-On in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Metformin and Dapagliflozin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Insulin Sensitivity and Beta Cell Function With Macupatide Alone or With Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Phase 1b, Randomised Controlled Trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Article
- Lipid metabolism in homeostasis and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: To compare the effect of metformin, a fixed combination of metformin and pioglitazone, or dapagliflozin on insulin resistance in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this 6-week randomized open-label trial, 58 patients were randomly assigned to insulin with metformin, a fixed combination of metformin and pioglitazone, or dapagliflozin for 4 weeks. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp tests and FreeStyle Libre Pro Sensor were used to evaluate the insulin sensitivity represented by glucose-infusion rate (M value) and glycemic control, respectively. The main outcome was changes in insulin resistance compared with baseline. Results: The baseline characteristics were well matched among the three groups. When compared to baseline, insulin sensitivity after treatment was significantly improved. Further study revealed that the fixed combination of metformin and pioglitazone provided superior M-value improvement compared with metformin, but not different from dapagliflozin. Moreover, a greater reduction in insulin dose was observed in the fixed combination of metformin and pioglitazone group than the metformin or dapagliflozin group. However, there were no significant differences in the parameters of glycemic control within the groups. Conclusion: In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, a fixed combination of metformin and pioglitazone provided greater improvement in insulin resistance than metformin alone and similar changes in insulin resistance to dapagliflozin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.