Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39353925›Full record

ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy.

Xi Lu, Qingxing Xie, Xiaohui Pan, Ruining Zhang, Xinyi Zhang, Ge Peng, Yuwei Zhang, Sumin Shen, Nanwei Tong

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07452913 (Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Metformin-Empagliflozin-Sitagliptin vs. Metformin-Empagliflozin-Linagliptin as Initial Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 333 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
333citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07452913 phase4enrolling by invitationstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Metformin-Empagliflozin-Sitagliptin vs. Metformin-Empagliflozin-Linagliptin as Initial Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ran2026Enrolled110Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsMetformin + Empagliflozin + Linagliptin, Metformin+ Empagliflozin + Sitagliptin
PMID 37414069PMID 37294638PMID 35307801PMID 11953758PMID 39723311PMID 39596449PMID 39096426PMID 39030553PMID 38423026other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

333 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. [The Effect of Konjac Glucomannan on Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels in Obese Patients With Prediabetes].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
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  20. Structural Characterisation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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273 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xi Lu *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Qingxing Xie *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaohui Pan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ruining ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xinyi ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ge PengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yuwei ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Sumin ShenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Nanwei TongDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. tongnw@scu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-6051-245X

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82170830
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by heterogeneously progressive loss of islet β cell insulin secretion usually occurring after the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and it is one component of metabolic syndrome (MS), and we named it metabolic dysfunction syndrome (MDS). The pathogenesis of T2D is not fully understood, with IR and β cell dysfunction playing central roles in its pathophysiology. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, along with other metabolic disorders, results in IR and/or islet β cell dysfunction via some shared pathways, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), oxidative stress, and ectopic lipid deposition. There is currently no cure for T2D, but it can be prevented or in remission by lifestyle intervention and/or some medication. If prevention fails, holistic and personalized management should be taken as soon as possible through timely detection and diagnosis, considering target organ protection, comorbidities, treatment goals, and other factors in reality. T2D is often accompanied by other components of MDS, such as preobesity/obesity, metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, dyslipidemia, which usually occurs before it, and they are considered as the upstream diseases of T2D. It is more appropriate to call "diabetic complications" as "MDS-related target organ damage (TOD)", since their development involves not only hyperglycemia but also other metabolic disorders of MDS, promoting an up-to-date management philosophy. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying mechanism, screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of T2D, especially regarding the personalized selection of hypoglycemic agents and holistic management based on the concept of "MDS-related TOD".

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultDyslipidemiasEndoplasmic Reticulum StressHumansInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsMetabolic SyndromeObesityOxidative Stress

Identifiers

PMID39353925
PMCPMC11445387

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.