SynthesisEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025
Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone Add-On in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Metformin and Dapagliflozin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it . Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Pioglitazone add-on therapy significantly reduced HbA1c levels (MD: -0.41; 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.27, p = < 0.00001, I CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone add-on therapy significantly improved glycaemic control by reducing HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR while increasing the likelihood of achieving HbA1c targets.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Thiazolidinediones×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →16 readable studies in this cell: 9 favour the treatment, 4 find no difference, 3 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- JLP-2008 Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet Demonstrates Bioequivalence and Comparable Safety to Separate Dapagliflozin + Pioglitazone in Healthy Participants.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- The context-dependent roles of PPAR-γ in adipocyte differentiation and obesity: a master regulator with dual functions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Disrupts the Cell Cycle at High Concentrations Without Altering Glycosphingolipid (De Novo)Biosynthesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for over 90% of diabetes cases worldwide. Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, enhances insulin sensitivity by activating PPAR-γ. Evidence on its efficacy and safety as an add-on to metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors in inadequately controlled T2DM is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates pioglitazone's role as a third-line therapy for improving glycaemic control in addition to metformin and Dapagliflozin. METHODOLOGY: We conducted comprehensive searches across PubMed, CENTRAL, WOS, Scopus and EMBASE until December 2024. Pooled data were reported using risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO ID: CRD42024612005.
resultsWe included three RCTs with 885 patients. Pioglitazone add-on therapy significantly reduced HbA1c levels (MD: -0.41; 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.27, p = < 0.00001, I
conclusionPioglitazone add-on therapy significantly improved glycaemic control by reducing HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR while increasing the likelihood of achieving HbA1c targets. However, no significant difference was observed in HOMA-β between groups. These findings suggest the potential benefit of pioglitazone in enhancing glycaemic outcomes in diabetes management.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.