Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40529526›Full record

ArticleFood science & nutrition2025

Chemical Composition of Composite Flour From Okara Powder and Whole Wheat Flour and the Sensory Evaluation of the Biscuits Made From the Composite Flour.

Olalekan J Adebowale, Adeyemi Ayotunde Adeyanju, Tabea Mokhele, Oluwaseun P Bamidele

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Food science & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Olalekan J AdebowaleDepartment of Food Technology The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro Ogun State Nigeria.
Adeyemi Ayotunde AdeyanjuCentre for Innovative Food Research (CIFR) Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa.
Tabea MokheleDepartment of Food Science and Technology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa.
Oluwaseun P BamideleDepartment of Food Science and Technology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-8558

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The usage of food by-products and waste has become a significant concern to stakeholders in food processing due to the environmental impact and the waste of resources. The soybean's by-product is okara, which is rich in protein and other nutrients. The effects of substituting okara powder into whole wheat flour on nutritional qualities, antioxidant activities, and functional and pasting properties of the composite flour were determined using standard procedures. The results showed an increase in the composite flour's nutritional, functional, and antioxidant activities compared to the control (Whole-wheat flour). The amino acid profile of the composite flour was higher in terms of all essential amino acids than that of the control samples. Okara powder added to whole wheat flour reduced the pasting properties except for the pasting temperature and peak time. The biscuits made with 10%, 20%, and 30% okara powder with whole wheat flour have similar scores to biscuits made with whole wheat flour alone. Compositing okara powder with whole wheat flour may be a raw material for healthy snacks in the confectionery industry.

Indexed as

amino acidscomplexesfunctional propertiespasting

Identifiers

PMID40529526
PMCPMC12171634

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.