Observational studyScientific reports2025
Comparative cardiovascular outcomes of semaglutide to dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph read 4 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports 4 associations that do not count as treatment evidence, such as HR 0.75 (0.72 to 0.78) for all-cause death. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
The primary outcome measure was all-cause death during the 3-year follow-up period.; secondary outcomes were acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute heart failure.Over 3 years, the risk for all-cause death in patients who received semaglutide relative to those who received dulaglutide was significantly lower (4.2% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.001; hazard ratio [HR] 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-0.78).
Similarly, patients who received semaglutide were less likely to have acute myocardial infarction (5.2% vs. 5.6%; HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97; p < 0.001), stroke (5.8% vs. 6.4%; HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93; p < 0.001), and acute heart failure (5.3% vs. 6.1%; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91; p < 0.001).In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, semaglutide was associated with lower 3-year risks of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute heart failure compared with dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Similarly, patients who received semaglutide were less likely to have acute myocardial infarction (5.2% vs. 5.6%; HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97; p < 0.001), stroke (5.8% vs. 6.4%; HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93; p < 0.001), and acute heart failure (5.3% vs. 6.1%; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91; p < 0.001).In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, semaglutide was associated with lower 3-year risks of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute heart failure compared with dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Similarly, patients who received semaglutide were less likely to have acute myocardial infarction (5.2% vs. 5.6%; HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97; p < 0.001), stroke (5.8% vs. 6.4%; HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93; p < 0.001), and acute heart failure (5.3% vs. 6.1%; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91; p < 0.001).In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, semaglutide was associated with lower 3-year risks of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute heart failure compared with dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×all-cause mortality
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →11 readable studies in this cell: 7 favour the treatment, 4 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×cardiovascular events
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →13 readable studies in this cell: 7 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tirzepatide versus GLP-1 receptor agonists and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparison of cardiovascular outcomes between once-weekly semaglutide and dulaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the United States.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
Type 2 diabetes significantly increases cardiovascular risk. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalizations, and death. However, the comparison among GLP-1 RAs on cardiovascular outcomes is limited. We compared all-cause death and cardiovascular events in patients using semaglutide or dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes. This retrospective observational study used the TriNetX database of deidentified electronic medical records from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. We identified 4,691,652 patients with type 2 diabetes, among whom 231,075 initiated semaglutide and 189,103 initiated dulaglutide. After propensity score matching, 171,105 patients were included in each group. The primary outcome measure was all-cause death during the 3-year follow-up period.; secondary outcomes were acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute heart failure.Over 3 years, the risk for all-cause death in patients who received semaglutide relative to those who received dulaglutide was significantly lower (4.2% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.001; hazard ratio [HR] 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-0.78). Similarly, patients who received semaglutide were less likely to have acute myocardial infarction (5.2% vs. 5.6%; HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97; p < 0.001), stroke (5.8% vs. 6.4%; HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93; p < 0.001), and acute heart failure (5.3% vs. 6.1%; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91; p < 0.001).In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, semaglutide was associated with lower 3-year risks of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute heart failure compared with dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.