SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for weight loss in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph read 10 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map: it supports the treatment in 2. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Ratios
Discontinuations due to side effects increased at higher doses (OR=2.31; p < 0.0001).
Adverse events were more frequent with tirzepatide than placebo (OR=1.34; p < 0.0001), largely driven by gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas serious adverse events did not differ.
Tirzepatide also markedly increased the odds of achieving clinically meaningful weight loss: ≥ 5% (OR=11.32; p < 0.0001), ≥ 10% (OR=14.77; p < 0.0001), and ≥ 15% (OR=18.07; p < 0.0001.
Tirzepatide also markedly increased the odds of achieving clinically meaningful weight loss: ≥ 5% (OR=11.32; p < 0.0001), ≥ 10% (OR=14.77; p < 0.0001), and ≥ 15% (OR=18.07; p < 0.0001.
Tirzepatide also markedly increased the odds of achieving clinically meaningful weight loss: ≥ 5% (OR=11.32; p < 0.0001), ≥ 10% (OR=14.77; p < 0.0001), and ≥ 15% (OR=18.07; p < 0.0001.
Differences
Non-diabetic participants experienced greater absolute losses of -12.10 kg (95% CI: -13.47 to -10.72; p < 0.00001), -15.94 kg (95% CI: -17.25 to -14.62; p < 0.00001), and -17.86 kg (95% CI: -19.19 to -16.54; p < 0.00001) at the respective doses.
Results: Tirzepatide induced a mean weight reduction of -10.39 kg versus placebo (95% CI: -10.80 to -9.99; p < 0.00001).
Subgroup analyses by diabetes status showed that patients with type 2 diabetes lost -6.17 kg (95% CI: -7.16 to -5.17; p < 0.00001) at 5 mg, -8.57 kg (95% CI: -9.41 to -7.74; p < 0.00001) at 10 mg, and -9.60 kg (95% CI: -10.32 to -8.89; p < 0.00001) at 15 mg.
Non-diabetic participants experienced greater absolute losses of -12.10 kg (95% CI: -13.47 to -10.72; p < 0.00001), -15.94 kg (95% CI: -17.25 to -14.62; p < 0.00001), and -17.86 kg (95% CI: -19.19 to -16.54; p < 0.00001) at the respective doses.
Non-diabetic participants experienced greater absolute losses of -12.10 kg (95% CI: -13.47 to -10.72; p < 0.00001), -15.94 kg (95% CI: -17.25 to -14.62; p < 0.00001), and -17.86 kg (95% CI: -19.19 to -16.54; p < 0.00001) at the respective doses.
clause the extractor read what became the number
Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
GIP/GLP-1 & amylin agonists×body weight & composition
SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →29 readable studies in this cell: 28 favour the treatment, 1 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
GIP/GLP-1 & amylin agonists×adverse events & safety
SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →4 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The adverse effects associated with tirzepatide use in patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.BMC medicine · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
- Beyond GLP-1 Agonists: Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds as Adjunctive Strategies for Obesity Management.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Short-Term Associations Between Fat-Free Mass Preservation and Glycaemic Markers During Tirzepatide Therapy: A Secondary Exploratory Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Climate Change, Air Pollution and the Global Obesity Syndemic: a Review of Current Evidence.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Mediterranean diet adherence and tirzepatide: real-world evidence on adiposity indices and insulin resistance beyond weight loss.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
Background: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for weight loss, including its dose-response relationship and adverse event profile. Methods: Studies were retrieved from high-impact journals and included phase 1 to phase 3 trials. Participants received tirzepatide at 5,10, or 15 mg doses or a placebo control. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate treatment effects, and heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistic. Results: Tirzepatide induced a mean weight reduction of -10.39 kg versus placebo (95% CI: -10.80 to -9.99; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses by diabetes status showed that patients with type 2 diabetes lost -6.17 kg (95% CI: -7.16 to -5.17; p < 0.00001) at 5 mg, -8.57 kg (95% CI: -9.41 to -7.74; p < 0.00001) at 10 mg, and -9.60 kg (95% CI: -10.32 to -8.89; p < 0.00001) at 15 mg. Non-diabetic participants experienced greater absolute losses of -12.10 kg (95% CI: -13.47 to -10.72; p < 0.00001), -15.94 kg (95% CI: -17.25 to -14.62; p < 0.00001), and -17.86 kg (95% CI: -19.19 to -16.54; p < 0.00001) at the respective doses. Tirzepatide also markedly increased the odds of achieving clinically meaningful weight loss: ≥ 5% (OR=11.32; p < 0.0001), ≥ 10% (OR=14.77; p < 0.0001), and ≥ 15% (OR=18.07; p < 0.0001. Adverse events were more frequent with tirzepatide than placebo (OR=1.34; p < 0.0001), largely driven by gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas serious adverse events did not differ. Discontinuations due to side effects increased at higher doses (OR=2.31; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Tirzepatide induces significant, dose-dependent weight loss, with higher doses yielding greater reductions. While gastrointestinal side effects were common, they were generally mild to moderate and did not increase serious adverse events. These findings support tirzepatide as an effective weight management therapy, though strategies to mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms may improve adherence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.