Evidence mapPaperPMID 40807366Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Enhancing the Cosmetic Potential of Aloe Vera Gel by Kombucha-Mediated Fermentation: Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Moisturizing Properties.

Aleksandra Ziemlewska, Martyna Zagórska-Dziok, Anna Nowak, Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska, Magdalena Wójciak, Ireneusz Sowa, Dariusz Szczepanek, Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aleksandra ZiemlewskaDepartment of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
Martyna Zagórska-DziokDepartment of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
Anna NowakDepartment of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4287-6751
Anna Muzykiewicz-SzymańskaDepartment of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1880-1140
Magdalena WójciakDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0466-1343
Ireneusz SowaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9346-6325
Dariusz SzczepanekDepartment of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Zofia Nizioł-ŁukaszewskaDepartment of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6789-3972

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aloe vera gel is a valuable raw material used in the cosmetic industry for its skin care properties. The present study analyzed the effects of the fermentation of aloe vera gel with a tea fungus kombucha, which is a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast, carried out for 10 and 20 days (samples F10 and F20, respectively). The resulting ferments and unfermented gel were subjected to chromatographic analysis to determine the content of biologically active compounds. The permeability and accumulation of these compounds in pig skin were evaluated. In addition, the methods of DPPH, ABTS and the determination of intracellular free radical levels in keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (HDF) cell lines were used to determine antioxidant potential. The results showed a higher content of phenolic acids and flavonoids and better antioxidant properties of the ferments, especially after 20 days of fermentation. Cytotoxicity tests against HaCaT and HDF cells confirmed the absence of toxic effects; moreover, samples at the concentrations tested (mainly 10 and 25 mg/mL) showed cytoprotective effects. The analysis of enzymatic activity (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase) by the ELISA technique showed higher levels of inhibition for F10 and F20. The kombucha ferments also exhibited better moisturizing properties and lower levels of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), confirming their cosmetic potential.

Indexed as

AloeAntioxidantsCosmeticsFermentationKombucha TeaPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsSkin AgingAnimalsCell LineFibroblastsFlavonoidsHaCaT CellsHumansKeratinocytesPlant PreparationsAloe vera gelAntioxidantsCosmeticsFlavonoidsKombucha TeaPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsPlant Preparationsaloe vera gelantioxidantscollagenasecosmetic propertieselastasehyaluronidase activitykombucha fermentsmoisturizing activityskin cellsskin permeability

Identifiers

PMID40807366
PMCPMC12348975

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.