Observational studyEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025
Exploring Combined Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Anti-Diabetes Medications on Glycaemic Control for People With Type 2 Diabetes Not Using Insulin.
Observational study in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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CGM use was associated with a -0.45% greater A1c change among CGM users compared to CGM non-users (p < 0.0001).
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Where it lands on the map
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What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Digital & care-delivery×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →1 readable study in this cell: 0 favour the treatment, 1 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Medication Use and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Across Therapy Regimens.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Exploring Combined Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Anti-Diabetes Medications on Glycaemic Control for People With Type 2 Diabetes Not Using Insulin.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapObservational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
introductionContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers a detailed view of glycaemic management, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of non-insulin, anti-diabetes medications. This study aimed to evaluate whether CGM use in combination with anti-diabetes medications is associated with changes in A1c among people with type 2 diabetes not using insulin. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis was a retrospective, observational analysis of administrative claims and linked laboratory data from Optum's Clinformatics Data Mart database. The study observation period covered 01/07/2018 through 30/06/2023 with 6-month baseline and follow-up periods. CGM use in conjunction with ≥ 1 of five anti-diabetes medication classes: metformin, sulfonylureas, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) was required. The primary outcome was change in A1c from baseline. Linear regression models tested the main and interaction effects of CGM and each anti-diabetes medication.
resultsOverall, 52,394 CGM-naïve adults with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes using anti-diabetes medications were identified (4086 CGM users; 48,308 CGM non-users). CGM use was associated with a -0.45% greater A1c change among CGM users compared to CGM non-users (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for covariates, CGM users experienced greater A1c reductions vs. CGM non-users with all medications, but statistically significant interactions showed that for DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs and sulfonylureas, there were greater decreases in A1c for CGM users vs. CGM non-users who were taking the medication compared to CGM users vs. CGM non-users who were not taking the medication. A1c change between CGM users vs. CGM non-users did not vary by metformin or SGLT2 inhibitor use. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that CGM use could augment the glycaemic benefits of anti-diabetes medications in people with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes. These results support broader adoption of CGM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.