Trial reportNature communications2025
Effect of metformin on insulin resistance in adults with type 1 diabetes: a 26-week randomized double-blind clinical trial.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2025. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it finds no clear difference in 1. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
At 26 weeks, there was no difference in change in EGP between metformin and placebo groups (mean difference 0.2 µmol/kg fat-free mass [FFM]/min [95%CI, -0.4 to 0.8 µmol/kgFFM/min]; p = 0.53).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Metformin×glycemic control
InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 41 favour the treatment, 12 find no difference, 8 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic dysfunction and the use of adjunct medications in type 1 diabetes.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2026Review
- Interactive online calculator for estimation of muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity in adults with Type 1 diabetes using clinical and research biomarkers.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Moving Beyond the "Lean" Disease Paradigm to Understand Risk, Complications, and Treatment.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
Insulin resistance is an underrecognized cardiovascular risk factor in type 1 diabetes. The effect of metformin on insulin resistance in adults with type 1 diabetes is unknown. Forty adults with type 1 diabetes, and twenty adults without diabetes were studied in a baseline only cross-sectional study assessing insulin resistance using the two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Participants with type 1 diabetes exhibited hepatic (EGP 64% higher), muscle (glucose infusion rate [GIR] 29% lower) and adipose (higher non-esterified fatty acids [NEFA]) insulin resistance. We then conducted a parallel group randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of metformin 1500 mg (n = 20) versus placebo (n = 20) in reducing insulin resistance in adults with type 1 diabetes over 26 weeks. The primary outcome was change in endogenous glucose production (EGP) during the low-dose phase of the clamp. Thirty seven of 40 adults with type 1 diabetes completed the study. At 26 weeks, there was no difference in change in EGP between metformin and placebo groups (mean difference 0.2 µmol/kg fat-free mass [FFM]/min [95%CI, -0.4 to 0.8 µmol/kgFFM/min]; p = 0.53). There was no increase in hypoglycemia or episodes of ketoacidosis in either group. These results do not support prescribing metformin to reduce hepatic insulin resistance in adults with type 1 diabetes. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier, ACTRN12619001440112.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.