Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9549452›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1998

Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS: 23)

R C Turner, H Millns, H A Neil, I M Stratton, S E Manley, D R Matthews, R R Holman

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 469 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
469citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
39.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

469 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,031 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Fibrates for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016 · on this map
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  13. An Evaluation of Alternative Technology-Supported Counseling Approaches to Promote Multiple Lifestyle Behavior Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation · 2023
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409 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

R C TurnerDiabetes Research Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary.
H Millns
H A Neil
I M Stratton
S E Manley
D R Matthews
R R Holman
Diabetes UK · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate baseline risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

designA stepwise selection procedure, adjusting for age and sex, was used in 2693 subjects with complete data to determine which risk factors for coronary artery disease should be included in a Cox proportional hazards model. SUBJECTS: 3055 white patients (mean age 52) with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and without evidence of disease related to atheroma. Median duration of follow up was 7.9 years. 335 patients developed coronary artery disease within 10 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: Angina with confirmatory abnormal electrocardiogram; non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction.

resultsCoronary artery disease was significantly associated with increased concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased triglyceride concentration, haemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose concentration, and a history of smoking. The estimated hazard ratios for the upper third relative to the lower third were 2.26 (95% confidence interval 1.70 to 3.00) for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 0.55 (0.41 to 0.73) for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.52 (1.15 to 2.01) for haemoglobin A1c, and 1.82 (1.34 to 2.47) for systolic blood pressure. The estimated hazard ratio for smokers was 1.41 (1.06 to 1.88).

conclusionA quintet of potentially modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease exists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These risk factors are increased concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, and smoking.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAge DistributionCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLCoronary DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSex DistributionCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDL

Identifiers

PMID9549452
PMCPMC28484
OpenAlexW2053365438

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.