Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9732339›Full record

Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1998

Cost effectiveness analysis of improved blood pressure control in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 40. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.

Abstract readClinical TrialMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. An estimation of the long-term clinical and economic benefits of insulin lispro in Type 1 diabetes in the UK.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2009
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
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  10. Cost-effectiveness of Simvastatin plus Ezetimibe for Cardiovascular Prevention in CKD: Results of the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP).American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016 · on this map
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  15. A cluster randomised controlled trial of the effect of a treatment algorithm for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2007
    Trial
  16. The Informatics for Diabetes and Education Telemedicine (IDEATel) project.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2007
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14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

0 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo estimate the economic efficiency of tight blood pressure control, with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or beta blockers, compared with less tight control in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.

designCost effectiveness analysis incorporating within trial analysis and estimation of impact on life expectancy through use of the within trial hazards of reaching a defined clinical end point. Use of resources driven by trial protocol and use of resources in standard clinical practice were both considered.

setting20 hospital based clinics in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. SUBJECTS: 1148 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes from UK prospective diabetes study randomised to tight control of blood pressure (n=758) or less tight control (n=390).

main outcome measureCost effectiveness ratios based on (a) use of healthcare resources associated with tight control and less tight control and treatment of complications and (b) within trial time free from diabetes related end points, and life years gained.

resultsBased on use of resources driven by trial protocol, the incremental cost effectiveness of tight control compared with less tight control was cost saving. Based on use of resources in standard clinical practice, incremental cost per extra year free from end points amounted to pound1049 (costs and effects discounted at 6% per year) and pound434 (costs discounted at 6% per year and effects not discounted). The incremental cost per life year gained was pound720 (costs and effects discounted at 6% per year) and pound291 (costs discounted at 6% per year and effects not discounted).

conclusionsTight control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes substantially reduced the cost of complications, increased the interval without complications and survival, and had a cost effectiveness ratio that compares favourably with many accepted healthcare programmes.

Indexed as

Adrenergic beta-AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsAtenololCaptoprilCost-Benefit AnalysisCost of IllnessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHealth ServicesHospitalizationHumansHypertensionLife ExpectancyMaleMiddle AgedAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsAtenololCaptopril

Identifiers

PMID9732339
PMCPMC28661

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.