Trial reportDiabetes care2009
One-year treatment with exenatide improves beta-cell function, compared with insulin glargine, in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2009. The graph read 3 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map: it . It reports registered trial NCT00097500. Cited by 144 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Exenatide reduced body weight compared with insulin glargine (difference -4.6 kg, P < 0.0001). beta-Cell function measures returned to pretreatment values in both groups after a 4-week off-drug period.
Both exenatide and insulin glargine reduced A1C similarly: -0.8 +/- 0.1 and -0.7 +/- 0.2%, respectively (P = 0.55).
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
RESULTS: Treatment-induced change in combined glucose- and arginine-stimulated C-peptide secretion was 2.46-fold (95% CI 2.09-2.90, P < 0.0001) greater after a 52-week exenatide treatment compared with insulin glargine treatment.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 83 favour the treatment, 15 find no difference, 11 favour the comparator.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 97 favour the treatment, 16 find no difference, 10 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 3, Randomized, Open Label, Comparator-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study to Compare the Effects of Exenatide and Insulin Glargine on Beta Cell Function and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin Who Have Not Achieved Target HbA1c
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 385 citations in OpenAlex.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Endocrine · 2019Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists compared with basal insulins for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2017 · on this mapPooled it
- Efficacy and safety of insulin in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
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- Incretin treatment and risk of pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2014Pooled it
- Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and basal insulin: a systematic review of the literature.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2013Pooled it
- Insulin vs GLP-1 analogues in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic subjects on oral therapy: a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2013Pooled it
- Comparison of safety and tolerability with continuous (exenatide once weekly) or intermittent (exenatide twice daily) GLP-1 receptor agonism in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2012Pooled it
- Diabetes: glycaemic control in type 2 (drug treatments).BMJ clinical evidence · 2012Pooled it
- Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2012 · on this mapPooled it
- Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight: a meta-analysis.Experimental diabetes research · 2012Pooled it
- Second-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis.Open medicine : a peer-reviewed, independent, open-access journal · 2011Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Experimental diabetes research · 2011Pooled it
- The metabolic effects of adding exenatide to basal insulin therapy when targeting remission in early type 2 diabetes in a randomized clinical trial.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Weight loss and β-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Trial
- Acute hyperglycaemia leads to altered frontal lobe brain activity and reduced working memory in type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2021Trial
- G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist DS-8500a effects on pancreatic β-cells in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019Trial
- Effect of exenatide after short-time intensive insulin therapy on glycaemic remission maintenance in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT): a randomized trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2015 · on this mapTrial
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
objectiveTraditional blood glucose-lowering agents do not sustain adequate glycemic control in most type 2 diabetic patients. Preclinical studies with exenatide have suggested sustained improvements in beta-cell function. We investigated the effects of 52 weeks of treatment with exenatide or insulin glargine followed by an off-drug period on hyperglycemic clamp-derived measures of beta-cell function, glycemic control, and body weight. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsSixty-nine metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to exenatide (n = 36) or insulin glargine (n = 33). beta-Cell function was measured during an arginine-stimulated hyperglycemic clamp at week 0, at week 52, and after a 4-week off-drug period. Additional end points included effects on glycemic control, body weight, and safety.
resultsTreatment-induced change in combined glucose- and arginine-stimulated C-peptide secretion was 2.46-fold (95% CI 2.09-2.90, P < 0.0001) greater after a 52-week exenatide treatment compared with insulin glargine treatment. Both exenatide and insulin glargine reduced A1C similarly: -0.8 +/- 0.1 and -0.7 +/- 0.2%, respectively (P = 0.55). Exenatide reduced body weight compared with insulin glargine (difference -4.6 kg, P < 0.0001). beta-Cell function measures returned to pretreatment values in both groups after a 4-week off-drug period. A1C and body weight rose to pretreatment values 12 weeks after discontinuation of either exenatide or insulin glargine therapy.
conclusionsExenatide significantly improves beta-cell function during 1 year of treatment compared with titrated insulin glargine. After cessation of both exenatide and insulin glargine therapy, beta-cell function and glycemic control returned to pretreatment values, suggesting that ongoing treatment is necessary to maintain the beneficial effects of either therapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.