Trial reportCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2015
Metformin use and risk of prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.
Trial report in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2015. The graph read 5 numbers from its abstract, feeding 3 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
After adjusting for various clinical and demographic characteristics, we found that metformin use was not significantly associated with total (OR, 1.19; P = 0.50), low- (OR, 1.01; P = 0.96), or high-grade (OR, 1.83; P = 0.19) prostate cancer diagnosis.
Likewise, there was no significant association between the use of non-metformin antidiabetic medications and prostate cancer risk in both crude (OR, 1.02; P = 0.95) and multivariable analysis (OR, 0.85; P = 0.56).
Likewise, there was no significant association between the use of non-metformin antidiabetic medications and prostate cancer risk in both crude (OR, 1.02; P = 0.95) and multivariable analysis (OR, 0.85; P = 0.56).
After adjusting for various clinical and demographic characteristics, we found that metformin use was not significantly associated with total (OR, 1.19; P = 0.50), low- (OR, 1.01; P = 0.96), or high-grade (OR, 1.83; P = 0.19) prostate cancer diagnosis.
After adjusting for various clinical and demographic characteristics, we found that metformin use was not significantly associated with total (OR, 1.19; P = 0.50), low- (OR, 1.01; P = 0.96), or high-grade (OR, 1.83; P = 0.19) prostate cancer diagnosis.
clause the extractor read what became the number
Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Metformin×adverse events & safety
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →22 readable studies in this cell: 9 favour the treatment, 8 find no difference, 5 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Metformin×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 41 favour the treatment, 13 find no difference, 7 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Other glucose-lowering×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →8 readable studies in this cell: 5 favour the treatment, 0 find no difference, 3 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Metformin use and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.Medicine · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- The effect of metformin therapy on incidence and prognosis in prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
- A novel biguanide derivative, IM176, induces prostate cancer cell death by modulating the AMPK-mTOR and androgen receptor signaling pathways.Prostate international · 2023Article
- Vitamin B12 levels in type 2 diabetic patients on Metformin compared to those never on Metformin: a cross sectional study in Tunisia.La Tunisie medicale · 2023Article
- Targeting lipid metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2023Review
- Exploiting the tumor immune microenvironment and immunometabolism using mitochondria-targeted drugs: Challenges and opportunities in racial disparity and cancer outcome research.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Review
- Population-wide impacts of aspirin, statins, and metformin use on prostate cancer incidence and mortality.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Current Status and Application of Metformin for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- ERR1 and PGC1α associated mitochondrial alterations correlate with pan-cancer disparity in African Americans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
- Prostate Cancer Energetics and Biosynthesis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2019Review
- Statin use linked with a decrease in the conversion from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) to prostate cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2018Article
- A spatiotemporal hypothesis for the regulation, role, and targeting of AMPK in prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2017Review
- Prospective study of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, anti-diabetic drugs and risk of prostate cancer.International journal of cancer · 2017Article
- Potential role for metformin in urologic oncology.Investigative and clinical urology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
The role of metformin in prostate cancer chemoprevention remains unclear. REDUCE, which followed biopsy-negative men with protocol-dictated PSA-independent biopsies at 2- and 4-years, provides an opportunity to evaluate the link between metformin use and prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal confounding from screening biases. In diabetic men from REDUCE, we tested the association between metformin use, use of other antidiabetic medications, versus no antidiabetic medication use, and prostate cancer diagnosis as well as prostate cancer grade (low-grade Gleason 4-6 and high-grade Gleason 7-10) using logistic regression. Of the 540 diabetic men with complete data, 205 (38%) did not report use of any antidiabetic medications, 141 (26%) reported use of at least one antidiabetic medication other than metformin, and 194 (36%) reported use of metformin. During the 4-year study, 122 men (23%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. After adjusting for various clinical and demographic characteristics, we found that metformin use was not significantly associated with total (OR, 1.19; P = 0.50), low- (OR, 1.01; P = 0.96), or high-grade (OR, 1.83; P = 0.19) prostate cancer diagnosis. Likewise, there was no significant association between the use of non-metformin antidiabetic medications and prostate cancer risk in both crude (OR, 1.02; P = 0.95) and multivariable analysis (OR, 0.85; P = 0.56). Furthermore, the interactions between antidiabetic medication use and BMI, geographic location, coronary artery disease, smoking, and treatment group were not significant (all P > 0.05). Among diabetic men with a negative prestudy biopsy who all underwent biopsies largely independent of PSA, metformin use was not associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer diagnosis.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.