SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2018
Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity: A post hoc analysis from SCALE randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00422058. Cited by 46 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Obese Subjects Without Diabetes: A 20-week Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Six Armed Parallel Group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With an Open Label Orlistat Comparator Arm and With an 84-week Extension Period
Open the trial in the graphEffect of Liraglutide on Long-term Weight Maintenance and Additional Weight Loss Induced by a 4 to 12 Week Low Calorie Diet in Obese Subjects; A 56 Week Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicentre Trial With a 12 Week Follow-up Period
Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Non-diabetic Obese Subjects or Overweight Subjects With Co-morbidities: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With Stratification of Subject to Either 56 or 160 Weeks of Treatment Based on Pre-diabetes Status at Randomisation
Effect of Liraglutide on Body Weight in Overweight or Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: A 56 Week Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Three Armed Parallel Group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With a 12 Week Observational Follow-up Period
Effect of Liraglutide in Obese Subjects With Moderate or Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. A 32 Week Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-centre and Multinational Trial
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Pharmacotherapy for obesity management in adults: 2025 clinical practice guideline update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Guideline
- Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Management in Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Journal of obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of the New Appetite Suppressant, Liraglutide: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Pooled it
- Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity: A post hoc analysis from SCALE randomized controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018 · on this mapPooled it
- If the evidence is there, why are GLP-1 receptor agonists not on-label for hip and knee osteoarthritis in overweight patients?RMD open · 2025Trial
- Incidence of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs: A Real-World Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of the Metabolic Benefits of GLP-1 and GIP Receptor Agonists in Obesity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pharmacologic treatment of obesity in adults: Standards of care in overweight and obesity.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Review
- Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Newly Diagnosed and Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus Patients after Acute Coronary Syndrome.Current vascular pharmacology · 2026Article
- Relative efficacy of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists in the prevention of alcohol-use disorders using a target trial emulation approach.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Precision obesity medicine: A phenotype-guided framework for pharmacologic therapy across the lifespan.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- 2025 Brazilian Evidence-based Guideline on the Management of Obesity and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity-Associated Complications: A Position Statement by Five Medical Societies.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- 2025 Brazilian evidence-based guideline on the management of obesity and prevention of cardiovascular disease and obesity-associated complications: a position statement by five medical societies.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of real-world data on liraglutide treatment in patients with obesity: a multicenter national study.European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Target Trial Emulations of GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Agonists to Reduce Major Adverse Liver Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- What is the evidence regarding the safety of new obesity pharmacotherapies.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Bridging the gap between GLP1-receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes: evidence for the role of tirzepatide.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- New therapies for obesity.Cardiovascular research · 2024Article
- Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity in adults and its impact on comorbidities: 2024 Update and Position Statement of Specialists from the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (Abeso) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM).Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cardiovascular safety of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for weight management at a dose of 3.0 mg, was evaluated post hoc using data from 5908 participants in 5 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Participants were randomized to liraglutide or a comparator group (placebo or orlistat). The objective was to evaluate whether cardiovascular risk was increased with liraglutide treatment. The primary composite outcome of this time-to-event analysis was the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke. These cardiovascular events were adjudicated prospectively for three of the trials and retrospectively for two trials by an event adjudication committee. The primary outcome was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model, stratified by trial. With liraglutide 3.0 mg, 8 participants had positively adjudicated cardiovascular events (1.54 events/1000 person-years) compared to 10 participants in the comparators group (3.65 events/1000 person-years). The hazard ratio for liraglutide 3.0 mg compared to comparators was 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.17-1.08). In this analysis, liraglutide 3.0 mg treatment was not associated with excess cardiovascular risk. However, the wide confidence intervals and retrospective adjudication of events in two of the trials are limitations of the analysis.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.