ArticleDiabetes care2021
Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Use and COVID-19 Outcomes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors during acute illness: a systematic review based on COVID-19.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Antihyperglycemic Medications on COVID-19: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review from Observational Studies.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2024 · on this mapPooled it
- Noninsulin-based antihyperglycemic medications in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes · 2023 · on this mapPooled it
- Pre-admission use of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) may significantly improves Covid-19 outcomes in patients with diabetes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Glucose-Lowering Drugs With Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Before Hospitalization for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between Antidiabetic Agents and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- GLP Medications and Severe Post-COVID-19 Outcomes Among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Semaglutide use linked to lower COVID-19 and influenza severity with better renal outcomes after pandemic or seasonal infection.Biology methods & protocols · 2026Article
- Associations of hypoglycemic medications, cordycepin and vaccination with clinical outcomes in diabetic kidney disease patients with COVID-19.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Article
- Increased Incidence of New-Onset Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with COVID-19 in an Underserved Urban Population in the Bronx.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Increasing the Utility of Real-World Data to Inform Public Health Decision Making Through a US-based Private-Public Partnership: 10 Lessons Learned from a Principled Approach to Rapid Pandemic RWE Generation.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2025Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitors in COVID-19: Umbrella Review, Meta-Analysis, and Bayesian Sensitivity Assessment.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prevalent Metformin Use in Adults With Diabetes and the Incidence of Long COVID: An EHR-Based Cohort Study From the RECOVER Program.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Systemic and organ-specific anti-inflammatory effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2024Review
- Association of Premorbid GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i Prescription Alone and in Combination with COVID-19 Severity.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- Association of anti-diabetic drugs and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiomyopathy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease on Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in Patients With COVID-19.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the respective associations of premorbid glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use, compared with premorbid dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) use, with severity of outcomes in the setting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe analyzed observational data from SARS-CoV-2-positive adults in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a multicenter, longitudinal U.S. cohort (January 2018-February 2021), with a prescription for GLP1-RA, SGLT2i, or DPP4i within 24 months of positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. The primary outcome was 60-day mortality, measured from positive SARS-CoV-2 test date. Secondary outcomes were total mortality during the observation period and emergency room visits, hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation within 14 days. Associations were quantified with odds ratios (ORs) estimated with targeted maximum likelihood estimation using a super learner approach, accounting for baseline characteristics.
resultsThe study included 12,446 individuals (53.4% female, 62.5% White, mean ± SD age 58.6 ± 13.1 years). The 60-day mortality was 3.11% (387 of 12,446), with 2.06% (138 of 6,692) for GLP1-RA use, 2.32% (85 of 3,665) for SGLT2i use, and 5.67% (199 of 3,511) for DPP4i use. Both GLP1-RA and SGLT2i use were associated with lower 60-day mortality compared with DPP4i use (OR 0.54 [95% CI 0.37-0.80] and 0.66 [0.50-0.86], respectively). Use of both medications was also associated with decreased total mortality, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations.
conclusionsAmong SARS-CoV-2-positive adults, premorbid GLP1-RA and SGLT2i use, compared with DPP4i use, was associated with lower odds of mortality and other adverse outcomes, although DPP4i users were older and generally sicker.
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