Evidence map›Statins × inflammation & biomarkers›PMID 39656409›Full record

Observational studyInternational urology and nephrology2025

Gut microbiota may mediate the causality of statins on diabetic nephropathy: a mediation Mendelian randomization study.

Xiaoli Wen, Gaosi Xu

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in International urology and nephrology, 2025. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports an association that does not count as treatment evidence, such as OR 0.73 (0.65 to 0.83) for inflammation & biomarkers. Cited by 1 paper.

1number the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Inflammation & biomarkersan association or prognostic statement, not a treatment comparison · t2d, ckdfeeds one cell of the map
OR 0.730.65 to 0.83
RESULTS: HMGCR inhibitors were causally linked to the increased incidence of DN (odds ratio [OR]: 0.732, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.647, 0.828, P CONCLUSION: Statins may become a risk factor for DN by increasing or decreasing the abundance of specific gut microbiota.
FeedsStatins×inflammation & biomarkers

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Statins×inflammation & biomarkers

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

7 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 4 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.48contested · 2 families support, 2 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT002899002,340 enrolled · 2006
Δ -0.80-9.60 to 7.50
NCT00728988499 enrolled · 2008
Δ -29.5-216 to 157
NCT0219706520 enrolled · 2014
Δ 13.0
Oxidized-LDL levels are changed during short-term serum glucose variat…PMID 16401307 · 2005
ls decrease -48.0
[Comparison of the effects of carbohydrate metabolism compensation and…PMID 19227901 · 2008
fell -2.33
Leptin, but not adiponectin, is a predictor of recurrent cardiovascula…PMID 19050671 · 2009
Δ 6.00
The effect of BMS-582949, a P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 …PMID 25913664 · 2015
Δ -0.01-0.31 to 0.28

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Xiaoli WenDepartment of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Gaosi XuDepartment of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. gaosixu@163.com.

Funding

Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine No. 2024SSY06231Key Clinical Research Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University No. 2022efyB01Thousand Talents Plan" Project of Introducing and Training High-level Talents of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Jiangxi Province No. JXSQ2023201030
8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

backgroundIncreasing evidence indicates that statins may increase the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy (DN). As the gut-kidney axis concept gains traction, it remains unclear whether statins contribute to the onset and progression of DN by modulating gut microbiota.

objectiveTo investigate the association between statins and DN and the proportion of this association mediated through gut microbiota.

methodThis study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach and a cross-sectional observational design to investigate the causal relationships among statins, 473 gut microbiota, and DN. Furthermore, mediation MR analysis was employed to explore the potential mediating effects of gut microbiota in the statins-DN relationship.

resultsHMGCR inhibitors were causally linked to the increased incidence of DN (odds ratio [OR]: 0.732, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.647, 0.828, P

conclusionStatins may become a risk factor for DN by increasing or decreasing the abundance of specific gut microbiota. These specific gut bacteria have the potential to become a new indicator for guiding the clinical use of statins in diabetic patients.

Indexed as

Diabetic NephropathiesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMediation AnalysisMendelian Randomization AnalysisHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsDiabetic nephropathyGut microbiotaHMGCRMendelian randomizationStatins

Identifiers

PMID39656409

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.