Trial reportDiabetes care2025
Weight Gain Was Associated With Worsening Glycemia and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Diabetes Medication in the GRADE Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2025. The graph read 4 numbers from its abstract, feeding 4 cells of the map: it . It reports registered trial NCT01794143. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Mean (95% CI) weight change (kg) during the first year was -3.5 (-3.8,-3.2) with liraglutide,-1.07 (-1.4,-0.78) with sitagliptin, 0.45 (0.16, 0.74) with glargine, and 0.89 (0.60, 1.2) with glimepiride (P < 0.0001).
Mean (95% CI) weight change (kg) during the first year was -3.5 (-3.8,-3.2) with liraglutide,-1.07 (-1.4,-0.78) with sitagliptin, 0.45 (0.16, 0.74) with glargine, and 0.89 (0.60, 1.2) with glimepiride (P < 0.0001).
Mean (95% CI) weight change (kg) during the first year was -3.5 (-3.8,-3.2) with liraglutide,-1.07 (-1.4,-0.78) with sitagliptin, 0.45 (0.16, 0.74) with glargine, and 0.89 (0.60, 1.2) with glimepiride (P < 0.0001).
Mean (95% CI) weight change (kg) during the first year was -3.5 (-3.8,-3.2) with liraglutide,-1.07 (-1.4,-0.78) with sitagliptin, 0.45 (0.16, 0.74) with glargine, and 0.89 (0.60, 1.2) with glimepiride (P < 0.0001).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
DPP-4 inhibitors×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →29 readable studies in this cell: 8 favour the treatment, 8 find no difference, 13 favour the comparator.
GLP-1 receptor agonists×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 83 favour the treatment, 15 find no difference, 11 favour the comparator.
Insulin×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →12 readable studies in this cell: 1 favour the treatment, 1 find no difference, 10 favour the comparator.
Sulfonylureas & glinides×body weight & composition
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →15 readable studies in this cell: 2 favour the treatment, 1 find no difference, 12 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Postpartum Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Biomarker Trajectories in Women With Gestational Diabetes: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Changes in weight and glycemia after initiation of integrase strand transfer inhibitors among people with HIV and diabetes.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- A Text Messaging-Based Program to Transition From Basal Insulin to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Safety-Net Diabetes Care: Pilot Quality Improvement Intervention Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Current Appraisal and Gaps in Knowledge in Cardio-Kidney Metabolic Syndrome Definition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chain-mediated pathways of adults socioeconomic status affecting physical fitness in Macao: the role of motor skills and moderate to vigorous physical activity.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
objectiveWeight gain with glucose-lowering medications may interfere with effective type 2 diabetes (T2D) management. We evaluated weight change and the effect of weight gain on outcomes over 5 years on four diabetes medications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) randomized trial compared the addition of insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin to metformin in participants with T2D. We report weight change and hazard ratio (HR) per kilogram of weight change for HbA1c >7.5%; cardiovascular disease (CVD), kidney disease, and neuropathy outcomes; and diabetes treatment satisfaction.
resultsParticipants (n = 4,980) were 57 ± 10 years, 44% non-White, with HbA1c 7.5% ± 0.5%, and BMI 34.3 ± 6.8 kg/m2. Mean (95% CI) weight change (kg) during the first year was -3.5 (-3.8,-3.2) with liraglutide,-1.07 (-1.4,-0.78) with sitagliptin, 0.45 (0.16, 0.74) with glargine, and 0.89 (0.60, 1.2) with glimepiride (P < 0.0001). Thereafter, weight decreased in all groups. Weight gain within the first 6 months was associated with increased risk of HbA1c >7.5%, with modest differences by treatment, and with subsequent CVD (HR 1.03 [95% CI 1.005, 1.06]). Weight gain at 1 year was associated with increased risk of HbA1c >7.5% (HR 1.05 [1.04, 1.07]) and kidney disease (HR 1.03 [1.01, 1.06]). Baseline weight, but not weight gain, was associated with new-onset neuropathy. Weight gain was associated with lower diabetes treatment satisfaction.
conclusionsLiraglutide and sitagliptin were associated with initial weight loss and glargine and glimepiride with slight weight gain, followed by weight loss in metformin-treated T2D. Weight gain was associated with worsening glycemia and increased risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes largely independent of treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.